CBCL behavior problems of post-institutionalized international adoptees
Open accessAbstract
With the increase in international adoptions during the last decade, many researchers have investigated the developmental outcomes of these adoptees, including their extreme behaviors. Collectively, these results have not always appeared consistent across studies, perhaps because studies have used children reared in institutions or not, the institutional environments vary in severity, children spend different lengths of time in the institution and are assessed at different ages, and studies use different outcome measures. In an attempt to discern more order in the literature, this review focuses on 18 studies, each of which used the Child Behavior Checklist, and their outcomes are viewed with respect to these parameters. Results suggest that the major factor contributing to extreme behaviors is age at adoption, with those adopted after 6/18 months having more behavior problems, especially Internalizing, Externalizing, and Attention problems. Generally, samples of post-institutional children have more problems than samples of mixed or non-institutional internationally adopted children, and some problems are more likely to be manifest in adolescence, suggesting the effects of deficient early experiences are not simply the persistence of learned behavior but more general dispositions that become more noticeable or severe during adolescence. Findings are discussed in terms of early deficient social-emotional caregiver-child interactions that characterize most institutional environments as a possible major cause of later difficulties in post-institutionalized children.
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Children who experienced early institutional rearing are at increased risk for psychopathology.
“Children exposed to early institutional rearing are at risk for developing psychopathology.”
From Recovering from early deprivation: attachment mediates effects of caregiving on psychopathology (2012) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Hawk, B., & McCall, R. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- McCall, Robert B.
- Venue
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 199-211
- ISSN
- 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2827
- PMC
- PMC3021319
- OpenAlex
- W2059541797
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R-25 MH54318-13)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD039017, R01HD050212, R01HD50212, R01HD39017)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- international adoption, institutional upbringing, Child Behavior Checklist, behavioral problems, age at adoption, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, attention deficits, adolescence, caregiver-child interaction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adoption, Age Factors, Attention, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Institutionalized, Deinstitutionalization, Humans, Internal-External Control, Risk Factors, Social Adjustment, Internationality
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