Improving Maternal Representations in High-Risk Mothers: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Mom Power Parenting Intervention

Rosenblum, Katherine; Lawler, Jamie; Alfafara, Emily; Miller, Nicole; Schuster, Melisa; Muzik, Maria

doi:10.1007/s10578-017-0757-5

Cited by 54Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumAttachment and Relationship DynamicsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Improving Maternal Representations in High-Risk Mothers: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Mom Power Parenting Intervention

Open access

Rosenblum, Katherine, Lawler, Jamie, Alfafara, Emily, Miller, Nicole, Schuster, Melisa, Muzik, Maria·2017·Child Psychiatry & Human Development

DOI 10.1007/s10578-017-0757-5PMC PMC5862741

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A key mechanism of risk transmission between maternal risk and child outcomes are the mother's representations. The current study examined the effects of an attachment-based, trauma-informed parenting intervention, the Mom Power (MP) program, in optimizing maternal representations of high-risk mothers utilizing a randomized, controlled trial design (NCT01554215). High-risk mothers were recruited from low-income community locations and randomized to either the MP Intervention (n = 42) or a control condition (n = 33) in a parallel design. Maternal representations were assessed before and after the intervention using the Working Model of the Child Interview. The proportion of women with balanced (secure) representations increased in the MP group but not in the control group. Parenting Reflectivity for mothers in the treatment group significantly increased, with no change in the control condition. Participation in the MP program was associated with improvements in a key indicator of the security of the parent-child relationship: mothers' representations of their children.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s10578-017-0757-5

Cites

77 of 77 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Prevention and treatment approaches tend to span multiple levels, including trauma-focused therapy, attachment and relationship-based interventions, and broader strategies that support regulation through sleep, stress management, and health behaviors.
“Prevention and treatment approaches therefore tend to span multiple levels, including trauma-focused therapy, attachment and relationship-based interventions, and broader strategies that support regulation through sleep, stress management, and health behaviors (19, 125–135).”
From Epigenetic changes associated with multi-generational trauma: characterization, mechanisms, and therapeutics (2026) · cites this paper as [131]
The Mom Power Intervention section describes an approach combining attachment-based parenting, parent–child relationship work, mental-health support, and stress-reduction skills. It does not describe trauma-focused therapy or strategies involving sleep and health behaviors; its evidence is also specific to high-risk mothers rather than prevention and treatment approaches generally. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Structured, relationship-centered programs can improve caregiving functioning and child emotional outcomes in families affected by intergenerational trauma.
“These findings indicate that structured, relationship-centered programs can improve caregiving functioning and child emotional outcomes in families affected by intergenerational trauma (125, 130, 131).”
From Epigenetic changes associated with multi-generational trauma: characterization, mechanisms, and therapeutics (2026) · cites this paper as [131]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that the structured, attachment-based Mom Power program improved maternal representations and other parenting indicators among high-risk mothers. It explicitly says future research should test whether those changes lead to improved child social-emotional outcomes; this study does not establish that part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Mom Power program has been associated with reductions in maternal depression and PTSD symptoms and improvements in attachment-related outcomes.
“The Mom Power program, integrating clinician-guided self-care, social support, and parenting skills, has been associated with reductions in maternal depression and PTSD symptoms and improvements in attachment-related outcomes (131).”
From Epigenetic changes associated with multi-generational trauma: characterization, mechanisms, and therapeutics (2026) · cites this paper as [131]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Security in Infancy, Childhood, and Adulthood: A Move to the Level of Representation
Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/3333827 · Cited by 4,567 · see citing works
Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-4135 · Cited by 3,818 · see citing works
Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Incidence
Gavin, N. I., Gaynes, B. N., Lohr, K. N., Meltzer-Brody, S., Gartlehner, G., & Swinson, T. (2005) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000183597.31630.db · Cited by 3,282 · see citing works
Maternal depression and parenting behavior
Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O'Hare, E., & Neuman, G. (2000) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00100-7 · Cited by 2,667 · see citing works
Maternal Depression and Child Psychopathology: A Meta-Analytic Review
Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1 · Cited by 2,621 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Children of these mothers tend to be more withdrawn and fussy [44, 45], have impaired biobehavioral affect regulation [43, 46], show more behavior problems [47, 48], and have more insecure and disorganized attachments [3, 7].”
Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: A developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission.
Goodman, S. H., & Gotlib, I. H. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.3.458 · Cited by 2,493 · see citing works
Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence--From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror
Herman, J. L. (2015) · Cited by 1,885 · see citing works
Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD
Allden, K. (1998) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199807000-00018 · Cited by 1,709 · see citing works
A developmental approach to complex PTSD: childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity
Cloitre, M., Stolbach, B. C., Herman, J. L., Kolk, B. V. D., Pynoos, R., Wang, J., & Petkova, E. (2009) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20444 · Cited by 1,473 · see citing works
Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence???From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror
Glass, J. M. (1993) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199308000-00018 · Cited by 1,337 · see citing works
Allocation concealment in randomised trials: defending against deciphering
Schulz, K. F., & Grimes, D. A. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07750-4 · Cited by 923 · see citing works
Maternal Depression and Anxiety Across the Postpartum Year and Infant Social Engagement, Fear Regulation, and Stress Reactivity
Feldman, R., Granat, A., Pariente, C., Kanety, H., Kuint, J., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181b21651 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
The nurse–family partnership: An evidence‐based preventive intervention
Olds, D. L. (2006) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20077 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Predictors of parent training efficacy for child externalizing behavior problems – a meta‐analytic review
Reyno, S. M., & McGrath, P. J. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01544.x · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Behavior-state matching and synchrony in mother-infant interactions of nondepressed versus depressed dyads.
Field, T., Healy, B. T., Goldstein, S., & Guthertz, M. (1990) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.26.1.7 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Effects of early maternal depression on patterns of infant–mother attachment: a meta-analytic investigation
Martins, C., & Gaffan, E. A. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00661 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Toward Evidence-Based Treatment: Child-Parent Psychotherapy with Preschoolers Exposed to Marital Violence
Lieberman, A. F., Horn, P. V., & Ippen, C. G. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000181047.59702.58 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression
Murray, L., Cooper, P., Wilson, A., & Romaniuk, H. (2003) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.182.5.420 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Effective treatment for postpartum depression is not sufficient to improve the developing mother–child relationship
FORMAN, D. R., O'HARA, M. W., STUART, S., GORMAN, L. L., LARSEN, K. E., & COY, K. C. (2007) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579407070289 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
The Socioemotional Development of 5-year-old Children of Postnatally Depressed Mothers
Murray, L., Sinclair, D., Cooper, P., Ducournau, P., Turner, P., & Stein, A. L. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00542 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Insecure Attachment: A Review of the Effects of Attachment‐Based Interventions on Maternal Sensitivity and Infant Security
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Juffer, F., & Duyvesteyn, M. G. C. (1995) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01822.x · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Maternal depression and psychiatric outcomes in adolescent offspring: A 13-year longitudinal study
Halligan, S. L., Murray, L., Martins, C., & Cooper, P. J. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.06.010 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Properties of the urn randomization in clinical trials
Wei, L. J., & Lachin, J. M. (1988) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(88)90048-7 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Mutual influences on maternal depression and child adjustment problems
Elgar, F. J., McGrath, P. J., Waschbusch, D. A., Stewart, S. H., & Curtis, L. J. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.02.002 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Mothers' Representations of Their Infants Assessed Prenatally: Stability and Association with Infants' Attachment Classifications
Benoit, D., Parker, K. C. H., & Zeanah, C. H. (1997) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01515.x · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Mothers' representations of their relationships with their toddlers: Links to adult attachment and observed mothering.
Slade, A., Belsky, J., Aber, J. L., & PHELPS, J. L. (1999) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.3.611 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
The Circle of security intervention: enhancing attachment in early parent-child relationships
(2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.51-4728 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Prevalence, trauma history, and risk for posttraumatic stress disorder among nulliparous women in maternity care
Seng, J. S., Low, L. K., Sperlich, M., Ronis, D. L., & Liberzon, I. (2009) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3181b8f8a2 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Further Validation of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale
Beck, C. T., & Gable, R. K. (2001) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200105000-00005 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Maternal mental representations of the child in an inner-city clinical sample: violence-related posttraumatic stress and reflective functioning.
Schechter, D. S., Coots, T., Zeanah, C. H., Davies, M., Coates, S. W., Trabka, K. A., Marshall, R. D., Liebowitz, M. R., & Myers, M. M. (2005) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730500246011 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Clinical Applications of a Parent Perception Interview in Infant Mental Health
Zeanah, C. H., & Benoit, D. (1995) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30418-8 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Enhancing infant attachment security: An examination of treatment efficacy and differential susceptibility
Cassidy, J. A., Woodhouse, S. S., Sherman, L. J., Stupica, B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000696 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Reflective functioning in mothers with drug use disorders: Implications for dyadic interactions with infants and toddlers
Suchman, N. E., DeCoste, C., Leigh, D., & Borelli, J. (2010) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2010.501988 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
A randomized controlled trial of Child FIRST: a comprehensive home-based intervention translating research into early childhood practice.
Lowell, D. I., Carter, A. S., Godoy, L., Paulicin, B., & Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2011) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01550.x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Violence Against Women and the Perinatal Period
Kendall-Tackett, K. A. (2007) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838007304406 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The child as held in the mind of the mother: The influence of prenatal maternal representations on parenting behaviors
Dayton, C. J., Levendosky, A. A., Davidson, W. S., & Bogat, G. A. (2010) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20253 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
The mothers and toddlers program, an attachment-based parenting intervention for substance-using women: results at 6-week follow-up in a randomized clinical pilot.
Suchman, N. E., Decoste, C., Mcmahon, T. J., Rounsaville, B., & Mayes, L. (2011) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20303 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Relational Patterns Between Caregivers With PTSD and Their Nonexposed Children: A Review
van Ee, E., Kleber, R. J., & Jongmans, M. J. (2016) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838015584355 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Mom Power: preliminary outcomes of a group intervention to improve mental health and parenting among high-risk mothers
Muzik, M., Rosenblum, K. L., Alfafara, E. A., Schuster, M. M., Miller, N. M., Waddell, R. M., & Kohler, E. S. (2015) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-014-0490-z · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evidence-Based Interventions for Depressed Mothers and Their Young Children
Goodman, S. H., & Garber, J. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12732 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Distorted maternal mental representations and atypical behavior in a clinical sample of violence-exposed mothers and their toddlers.
Schechter, D. S., Coates, S. W., Kaminer, T., Coots, T., Zeanah, C. H., Davies, M., Schonfeld, I. S., Marshall, R. D., Liebowitz, M. R., Trabka, K. A., et al. (2008) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299730802045666 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Young children and trauma: intervention and treatment
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-6801 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Maternal depression: A review of relevant treatment approaches for mothers and infants
Nylen, K. J., Moran, T. E., Franklin, C. L., & O'hara, M. W. (2006) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20095 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Mother's attachment representations of their premature infant at 6 and 18 months after birth
Borghini, A., Pierrehumbert, B., Miljkovitch, R., Müller‐Nix, C., Forcada‐Guex, M., & Ansermet, F. (2006) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20103 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Traumatized mothers can change their minds about their toddlers: Understanding how a novel use of videofeedback supports positive change of maternal attributions
Schechter, D. S., Myers, M. M., Brunelli, S. A., Coates, S. W., Zeanah, C. H., Davies, M., Grienenberger, J. F., Marshall, R. D., McCaw, J. E., Trabka, K. A., et al. (2006) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20101 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Reflection in thought and action: Maternal parenting reflectivity predicts mind‐minded comments and interactive behavior
Rosenblum, K. L., McDonough, S. C., Sameroff, A. J., & Muzik, M. (2008) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20184 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citation
Book Review: Developmental Issues: The Development of the Person
Roberts, N. (2006) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370605101010 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Postpartum Depression And Infant Temperament
Beck, C. T. (1996) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-199607000-00006 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Maternal attachment, maternal responsiveness and infant attachment
Raval, V. V., Goldberg, S., Atkinson, L. R., Benoit, D., Myhal, N., Poulton, L., & Zwiers, M. L. (2001) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(01)00082-0 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Internal working models of caregiving and security of attachment at age six
George, C. C., & Solomon, J. (1989) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/1097-0355(198923)10:3 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Maternal Representations of the Infant: Associations with Infant Response to the Still Face
Rosenblum, K. L., McDonough, S., Muzik, M., Miller, A., & Sameroff, A. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00453 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citation
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF PARENT-INFANT PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR PARENTS WITH MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND YOUNG INFANTS: Parent-Infant Psychotherapy Randomized Controlled Trial
Fonagy, P., Sleed, M., & Baradon, T. (2016) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21553 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
The roles of resilience and childhood trauma history: Main and moderating effects on postpartum maternal mental health and functioning
Sexton, M. B., Hamilton, L., McGinnis, E. W., Rosenblum, K. L., & Muzik, M. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.036 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citation
Representations of Attachment in Mothers and Their One-Year-Old Infants
Zeanah, C. H., Benoit, D., Barton, M. L., REGAN, C., Hirshberg, L., & Lipsitt, L. P. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199303000-00007 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Psychopathology and parenting: An examination of perceived and observed parenting in mothers with depression and PTSD
Muzik, M., Morelen, D. M., Hruschak, J. L., Rosenblum, K. L., Bocknek, E. L., & Beeghly, M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.035 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citation
Maternal parenting predicts infant biobehavioral regulation among women with a history of childhood maltreatment
Martinez‐Torteya, C., Dayton, C. J., Beeghly, M., Seng, J. S., McGinnis, E. W., Broderick, A. V., Rosenblum, K. L., & Muzik, M. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000017 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relations between maternal attachment representations and the quality of mother–infant interaction in preterm and full-term infants
Korja, R., Ahlqvist‐Björkroth, S., Savonlahti, E., Stolt, S., Haataja, L. M., Lapinleimu, H., Piha, J., & Lehtonen, L. (2010) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.03.010 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The impact of maternal depression and personality disorder on early infant care
Conroy, S., Marks, M. N., Schacht, R., Davies, H. A., & Moran, P. (2009) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0070-0 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
National Women's Study PTSD Module
Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. (1989) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t07489-000 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Parental representations: A systematic review of the working model of the child interview
Vreeswijk, C. M. J. M., Maas, A. J. B. M., & van Bakel, H. J. A. (2012) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20337 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Perspectives on trauma-informed care from mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment: A qualitative study
Muzik, M., Ads, M. M., Bonham, C. A., Rosenblum, K. L., Broderick, A. V., & Kirk, R. (2013) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.07.014 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mothers' representations of their infants and parenting behavior: Associations with personal and social‐contextual variables in a high‐risk sample
Sokolowski, M. S., Hans, S. L., Bernstein, V. J., & Cox, S. M. (2007) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20140 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Comorbid trajectories of postpartum depression and PTSD among mothers with childhood trauma history: Course, predictors, processes and child adjustment
Oh, W., Muzik, M., McGinnis, E. W., Hamilton, L., Menke, R. A., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.037 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citation
EFFICACY OF THE 20-WEEK CIRCLE OF SECURITY INTERVENTION: CHANGES IN CAREGIVER REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING, REPRESENTATIONS, AND CHILD ATTACHMENT IN AN AUSTRALIAN CLINICAL SAMPLE
Huber, A., McMahon, C. A., & Sweller, N. (2015) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21540 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Maternal mental health predicts risk of developmental problems at 3 years of age: follow up of a community based trial
Tough, S., Siever, J. E., Leew, S., Johnston, D. W., Benzies, K., & Clark, D. (2008) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-8-16 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Affect dysregulation in the mother–child relationship in the toddler years: Antecedents and consequences
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (2004) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579404044402 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
STRENGTHENING THE REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING CAPACITIES OF PARENTS WHO HAVE A CHILD WITH A NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY THROUGH A BRIEF, RELATIONSHIP-FOCUSED INTERVENTION
Sealy, J., & Glovinsky, I. (2016) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21557 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Communicating Feelings: Links Between Mothers' Representations of Their Infants, Parenting, and Infant Emotional Development
Rosenblum, K. L., Dayton, C. J., & McDonough, S. C. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499869.005 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation
Assessment and Treatment of Young Children Exposed to Traumatic Events.
Lieberman, A. F., & Horn, P. V. (2004) · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Disorganized attachment and social skills as indicators of Head Start children's school readiness skills
Stacks, A. M., & Oshio, T. (2009) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730802625250 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Understanding bidirectional mother-infant affective displays across contexts: Effects of maternal maltreatment history and postpartum depression and PTSD symptoms
Morelen, D. M., Menke, R. A., Rosenblum, K., Beeghly, M., & Muzik, M. (2016) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000448376 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Mental Health and Parenting Intervention for Adolescent and Young Adult Mothers and their Infants
Muzik, M., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2016) · Journal of Depression & Anxiety · doi:10.4172/2167-1044.1000233 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
Predictors of Treatment Engagement to the Parenting Intervention Mom Power Among Caucasian and African American Mothers
Muzik, M., Schmicker, M., Alfafara, E. A., Dayton, C. J., Schuster, M., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2014) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2014.917451 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Teenage mothers of black and minority ethnic origin want access to a range of mental and physical health support: a participatory research approach
Muzik, M., Kirk, R., Alfafara, E. A., Jonika, J., & Waddell, R. M. (2015) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.12364 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychotherapeutic Treatment Options for Perinatal Depression
Muzik, M., Marcus, S. M., & Flynn, H. A. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09com05451 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
THE WORKING MODEL OF THE CHILD INTERVIEW: STABILITY OF THE DISRUPTED CLASSIFICATION IN A COMMUNITY INTERVENTION SAMPLE
Niccols, A., Smith, A., & Benoit, D. (2015) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21522 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Representational models of relationships: Links between caregiving and attachment
George, C., & Solomon, J. (1996) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0355(199623)17:3

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 81 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

[6]Sroufe A Egeland B Carlson E Collins W 2005 The Development of the Person Guilford Press New York
[7]Lyons-Ruth K Block D 1996 The disturbed caregiving system: Relations among childhood trauma, maternal caregiving, and infant affect and attachment Infant Mental Health Journal 17 257 275
[16]Bretherton I Biringen Z Ridgeway D Maslin C 1989 Attachment: The parental perspective Infant Mental Health Journal 10 203 221

Sorted by citations

Intergenerational transmission and prevention of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)
Narayan, A. J., Lieberman, A. F., & Masten, A. S. (2021) · Clinical psychology review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101997 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Promoting infant mental health in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU): A review of nurturing factors and interventions for NICU infant-parent relationships
Givrad, S., Hartzell, G., & Scala, M. (2021) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105281 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Prevention of Mental Health Difficulties for Children Aged 0–3 Years: A Review
Izett, E., Rooney, R. M., Prescott, S. L., Palma, M. D., & McDevitt, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.500361 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Parent Education: What We Know and Moving Forward for Greatest Impact
Morris, A., Jespersen, J. E., Cosgrove, K. T., Ratliff, E. L., & Kerr, K. L. (2020) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12442 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Parental Reflective Functioning Moderates the Relationship Between Difficult Temperament in Infancy and Behavior Problems in Toddlerhood
Wong, K., Stacks, A. M., Rosenblum, K. L., & Muzik, M. (2017) · Merrill-palmer Quarterly · doi:10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.63.1.0054 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
STRONG MILITARY FAMILIES INTERVENTION ENHANCES PARENTING REFLECTIVITY AND REPRESENTATIONS IN FAMILIES WITH YOUNG CHILDREN
Julian, M. M., Muzik, M., Kees, M. R., Valenstein, M. M., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2017) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21690 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
Potential Neural Mediators of Mom Power Parenting Intervention Effects on Maternal Intersubjectivity and Stress Resilience
Ho, S.-H. S., Muzik, M., Rosenblum, K. L., Morelen, D. M., Nakamura, Y., & Swain, J. E. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568824 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
From zero to thrive: A model of cross‐system and cross‐sector relational health to promote early childhood development across the child‐serving ecosystem
Miller, A. L., Stein, S. F., Sokol, R. L., Varisco, R., Trout, P., Julian, M. M., Ribaudo, J., Kay, J. B., Pilkauskas, N., Gardner‐Neblett, N., et al. (2022) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21996 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Evidence-Base for Psychodynamic Interventions with Children Under 5 Years of Age and Their Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sleed, M., Li, E. T., Vainieri, I., & Midgley, N. (2023) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2023.2223739 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cascades of Risk Linking Intimate Partner Violence and Adverse Childhood Experiences to Less Sensitive Caregiving During Infancy
Coe, J. L., Huffhines, L. P., Gonzalez, D., Seifer, R., & Parade, S. H. (2021) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595211000431 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Intervention effects on reflectivity explain change in positive parenting in military families with young children.
Julian, M. M., Muzik, M., Kees, M. R., Valenstein, M. M., Dexter, C. A., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2018) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000431 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Triple P Positive Parenting Program for Parents With Psychosis: A Case Series With Qualitative Evaluation
Wolfenden, L., Calam, R. M., Drake, R., & Gregg, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.791294 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Resolving trauma: The unique contribution of trauma-specific mentalization to maternal insightfulness
Berthelot, N., Garon‐Bissonnette, J., Muzik, M., Simon, V. A., Menke, R. A., Stacks, A. M., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457942400110x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
The predictors of change in reflective parenting therapy: Uncovering the influence of parental reflective functioning and child temperament in predicting the improvement in parent–child relationship and child outcome following DUET group intervention
Menashe‐Grinberg, A., & Atzaba‐Poria, N. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422000566 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The emotional tone of child descriptions during pregnancy is associated with later parenting
Guyon‐Harris, K. L., Carell, R., DeVlieger, S., Humphreys, K. L., & Huth‐Bocks, A. C. (2021) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21936 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Developing a Guided Web App for Postpartum Depression Symptoms: User-Centered Design Approach
Franco, P., Olhaberry, M., Muzard, A., Harismendy, Á., & Kelders, S. M. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/56319 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Trauma-Informed Parenting Programs for Traumatized Parents and Their Components: A Meta-Analytic Study
Liu, A. Y., Gubbels, J., & de Castro, B. O. (2024) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-024-00503-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post-traumatic stress disorder and/or with childhood experience of maltreatment
Jones, K., Freijah, I., Brennan, S., McKenzie, J. E., Bright, T. M., Fiolet, R., Kamitsis, I., Reid, C. J., Davis, E. C., Andrews, S., et al. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd014874.pub2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Trajectories of clinical and parenting outcomes following admission to an inpatient mother-baby unit
Reilly, N. M., Brake, E., Briggs, N., & Austin, M. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2331-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Interventions during pregnancy or up to two years after birth for parents who are experiencing complex trauma or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood (or both) to improve parenting capacity or socio-emotional well-being
Reid, C. J., McKenzie, J. E., Brennan, S., Bennetts, S. K., Clark, Y., Mensah, F. K., Hokke, S., Ralph, N., Brown, S., Gee, G., et al. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd014874 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mom Power: A Parenting Group Intervention for Mothers with Trauma Histories
Lawler, J. M., Rosenblum, K. L., Schuster, M., & Muzik, M. (2017) · Integrating psychiatry and primary care · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65724-0_11 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Associations between symptoms of common mental disorders, parental satisfaction and consideration for adoption breakdown in Brazilian adoptive parents
Almeida, M. L., Schwochow, M. S., & Frizzo, G. B. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105910 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Harnessing Virtual Mom Power: Process and Outcomes of a Pilot Telehealth Adaptation of a Multifamily, Attachment-Based Intervention
Gray, S. A. O., Moberg, S. A., Obus, E. A., Parker, V., Rosenblum, K. L., Muzik, M., Zeanah, C. H., & Drury, S. S. (2022) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2022.2045464 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Randomized pilot trial of the “Mom Power” trauma- and attachment-informed multi-family group intervention in treating and preventing postpartum symptoms of depression among a health disparity sample
Jester, J. M., Riggs, J. L., Menke, R. A., Alfafara, E. A., Issa, M., Muzik, M., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1048511 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Implications of childhood adversity for women's perinatal sleep quality and depressive symptoms over time: A serial mediation model
Epstein, C. M., Lustermans, H., McCoy, T. P., Beijers, R., Leerkes, E. M., & de Weerth, C. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14201 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
University-Community Partnerships to Support Responsive Caregiving: The Hearts and Minds on Babies Implementation Story
Stacks, A. M., Halquist, K., Barron, C. C., Brophy‐Herb, H. E., Muzik, M., Rosenblum, K. L., & Vallotton, C. D. (2023) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-022-01440-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of parent–infant psychotherapy for infant development, parenting, parental mental health, and the attachment relationship: a review of the literature
Cucciniello, C., & Melia, Y. (2024) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2024.2343685 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Associations between parenting representations and behavior among young mothers and mothers with opioid use disorder
Edwards, R. C., Herriott, A. L., Finger, B., & Hans, S. L. (2021) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21948 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Parenting in the context of trauma: Dyadic interventions for trauma-exposed parents and their young children
Julian, M. M., Muzik, M., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2018) · Integrating Psychiatry and Primary Care · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65724-0_9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Effects of a Relationship-Focused Professional Development Intervention on Infant and Toddler Teachers’ Mindfulness-Based Strategies for Coping
Brophy‐Herb, H. E., Stacks, A. M., Frosch, C. A., Brincks, A. M., Cook, J. L., Vallotton, C. D., Perkins, H. A., Kim, L., Carson, R. L., Muzik, M., et al. (2022) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-022-01416-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Our way of being: Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health workforce development in Tennessee
Morelen, D. M., Friday, K., Otwell‐Dove, R., Paradis, N., Webster, A., Moser, M. R., & Peak, A. (2021) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21943 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A qualitative exploration of parenting representations amongst mothers with young children on the edge of care
Lenain, C., & Taylor, B. L. (2022) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12987 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Post-traumatic stress disorder, trauma and parenting stress: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Meijer, L., Thomaes, K., Blankers, M., Deković, M., Franz, M. R., Kleber, R. J., van de Putte, E. M., van Ee, E., Camisasca, E., Fredman, S. J., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2538907 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Pilot Trial of a Health Promotion and Illness Prevention Paradigm in the Perinatal Period
Guth, S. E., McGinnis, E. W., Copeland, W., & Hudziak, J. J. (2022) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-021-03354-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Pregnancy to Parenthood program: A dyadic intervention for mothers with perinatal mental disorders and their infants
Matacz, R., Byrne, S. L., Nosaka, K., Priddis, L. E., Finlay‐jones, A. L., Lim, I., Bloxsome, D., & Newman‐Morris, V. (2024) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.22143 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Young mothers’ prenatal attachment and later attachment‐related representations of their young children
Medina, N. Y., Edwards, R. C., & Hans, S. L. (2025) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.22162 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Caregiving, maternal burnout, and child dysregulation: Validating the Italian Caregiving Experiences Questionnaire
Tracchegiani, J., Zagaria, A., Brumariu, L. E., & Carone, N. (2026) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.70141 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Trauma, Stress, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Perinatal Period
Erickson, N. L., Morelen, D. M., & Muzik, M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91832-3_10 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Can mothers’ representations of their infants be improved in primary care? A randomized controlled trial of a parenting intervention using video feedback in a predominantly low- to moderate-risk sample
Sandnes, K., Berg‐Nielsen, T. S., Lydersen, S., & Kårstad, S. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232816 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Epigenetic changes associated with multi-generational trauma: characterization, mechanisms, and therapeutics
Kac, E., Qi, Q., & Ryznar, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1769422 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“These ﬁ ndings indicate that structured, relationship-centered programs can improve caregiving functioning and child emotional outcomes in families affected by intergenerational trauma (125, 130, 131).”
Interventions to Enhance Mother-Infant Attachment in the Context of Trauma, Depression, and Substance Abuse
Julian, M. M., & Muzik, M. (2020) · Mental health and illness worldwide · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2369-9_29 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparison of Antenatal Maternal Mental Representations Between Depressed and Non-depressed Pregnant Mothers
Amini, R., Shakiba, S., Afrakhteh, M., Pourmohamadreza‐Tajrishi, M., & Moradi, M. H. (2022) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs-129589 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
L’empathie parentale envers l’enfant : l’art-thérapie comme vecteur de changement des représentations internes du parent, une approche qualitative phénoménologique (Parental Empathy Toward the Child: Art Therapy as a Vehicle for Changing the Internal Representations of the Parent – a Phenomenological Qualitative Approach)
Laufer, G., & Plante, P. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/26907240.2025.2497103 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Interventions to Enhance Mother-Infant Attachment in the Context of Trauma, Depression, and Substance Abuse
Julian, M. M., & Muzik, M. (2019) · Mental health and illness worldwide · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0371-4_29-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of Parental Representations and Related Parenting Behavior On Children
ÖZTÜRK, C., & Güzel, H. Ş. (2023) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1137385
Child maltreatment: qualitative review of theoretical and methodological trends in intervention programs with an attachment perspective
Bedoya-Gallego, D. M., Pérez, L. C. J., Gaviria, M. A. G., de Sánchez, A. R. R., & Sañudo, J. E. P. (2023) · psicología desde el caribe · doi:10.14482/psdc.39.1.155.41
Bridging the Gap: Feasibility, Appropriateness, and Acceptability of an Integrated Attachment-Based Training for Teachers and Parents in Early Head Start
Barron, C. C., Vallotton, C. D., Stacks, A. M., Oates, O., Adekoya, A. R., Muzik, M., Rosenblum, K. L., & Brophy‐Herb, H. E. (2023) · HS Dialog The Research to Practice Journal for the Early Childhood Field · doi:10.55370/hsdialog.v26i2.1355
Self-citation
Are changes in mothers’ representations of their infants related to changes in observed mother–infant interaction quality?
Sandnes, K., Kårstad, S. B., Lydersen, S., & Berg‐Nielsen, T. S. (2023) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2023.101896
Being able to see your child: the journey of a single mother in a MBT group for high-risk parents, through her representations of the child
Sicilia, M. G. S., & Hillman, S. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/0075417x.2024.2305728
Parent-Infant Adaptive Biobehavioral Intersubjectivity
Swain, J. E., Ho, S.-H. S., Nakamura, Y., Patterson, G., Gopang, M., & Kim, P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48627-2_13
Mom Power via Telemental Health
Morelen, D. M., Gray, S. A. O., Lawler, J. M., Daniel, K., Skov, H. E., Jones, S., Lamoreau, R., Freeman, S. E., & Rosenblum, K. L. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69264-2_7
Self-citation
Unveiling complexities: Examining the role of traumatic loss in shaping the interplay between black maternal mental health and maternal bonding
Quince, H., Walsh, T. B., Thomas, A., & Blackwell, D. (2025) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.22156
Secondary Maltreatment Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review
Fortio, L., Narciso, I. D. S. B., Portugal, A. P. M., & Pereira, C. R. (2026) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-026-10438-8
Parental Narrative Coherence Following Rapid Genomic Testing in Childhood: Implications for Identifying Ongoing Support NeedsPreprint
Dolling, H., Mehrotra, M., & Hughes, C. H. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10713546/v1

A community-based randomized controlled trial of Mom Power parenting intervention for mothers with interpersonal trauma histories and their young children
Rosenblum, K. L., Muzik, M., Morelen, D. M., Alfafara, E. A., Miller, N., Waddell, R. M., Schuster, M., & Ribaudo, J. (2017) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-017-0734-9 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mom Power: preliminary outcomes of a group intervention to improve mental health and parenting among high-risk mothers
Muzik, M., Rosenblum, K. L., Alfafara, E. A., Schuster, M. M., Miller, N. M., Waddell, R. M., & Kohler, E. S. (2015) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-014-0490-z · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mom Power: Replanting the seed
Otwell‐Dove, R., & Morelen, D. M. (2018) · Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University)
Associations between maternal representational risk and long-term child behavioral outcomes in minding the baby
Kilbride, A. (2026) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t3-988n-ph16
Can mothers’ representations of their infants be improved in primary care? A randomized controlled trial of a parenting intervention using video feedback in a predominantly low- to moderate-risk sample
Sandnes, K., Berg‐Nielsen, T. S., Lydersen, S., & Kårstad, S. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232816 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Authors: Rosenblum, K., Lawler, J., Alfafara, E., Miller, N., Schuster, M., & Muzik, M.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Muzik, Maria
ORCID: Rosenblum, Katherine
Lawler, Jamie
Miller, Nicole
Muzik, Maria
Venue: Child Psychiatry & Human Development
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2017-09-21
Volume: 49
Issue: 3
Pages: 372-384
ISSN: 0009-398X (ISSN-L)
1573-3327
DOI: 10.1007/s10578-017-0757-5
PMC: PMC5862741
OpenAlex: W2756835414
Cited by: 54
References: 81
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4
FWCI: 3.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
Locations: Child Psychiatry & Human Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: State of Michigan Department of Community Health (F023865-2009, F029321-2010)
Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research (US) (UL1RR024986-2010)
RWJ Scholars Program (N012918-2010)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: maternal representations, high-risk mothers, trauma-informed interventions, secure attachment, risk transmission, low-income mothers, parent-child relationship
MeSH terms: Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Object Attachment, Poverty, Parenting, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Improving Maternal Representations in High-Risk Mothers: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Mom Power Parenting Intervention

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks