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Effective communication of uncertainty in the IPCC reports
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“They found that people generally interpreted the IPCC's categorical description of probabilities as less likely than the IPCC intended.”
From Uncertainty as a Form of Transparency: Measuring, Communicating, and Using Uncertainty (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“people took the word”
From Uncertainty as a Form of Transparency: Measuring, Communicating, and Using Uncertainty (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
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“Budescu et al. (2009) ran several experiments to study whether readers understand the words as intended by the IPCC authors.”
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“very likely means above 90%), yet there are still large individual differences in the interpretation of the statements (Budescu et al., 2012).”
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“…shows that people often misunderstand the verbal probability expressions (e.g., ‘‘very likely’’ or ‘‘unlikely’’) used by the IPCC (Budescu et al. 2009; Budescu et al. 2012; Budescu et al. 2014; Harris and Corner 2011; Harris et al. 2017; Harris et al. 2013; Ho et al. 2015; Juanchich and…”
MethodJuanchich, M., Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A., & Sirota, M. (2017) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s1930297500006483 · Cited by 17
Collins, L. C., & Nerlich, B. (2015) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/0963662515579626 · Cited by 28
“(Emphasis added) In recent years, some scholars have studied the usefulness and effectiveness of this calibrated language (Budescu et al., 2009, 2012), and one study has come to the conclusion that ‘while it is possible to develop a vocabulary that conveys the intention of the IPCC, the recipient…”
BackgroundConfidence of Life Detection: The Problem of Unconceived Alternatives
Vickers, P., Cowie, C., Dick, S. J., Gillen, C., Jeancolas, C., Rothschild, L. J., & McMahon, S. (2023) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2022.0084 · Cited by 19
“Over the past 20 + years— including four IPCC reports AR3, 4, 5, and 6—it has been heavily scrutinized (Mastrandrea and Mach, 2011; Mastrandrea et al., 2011; Budescu et al., 2012, 2014; Mach et al., 2017; Rehg and Staley, 2017; Molina and Abadal, 2021; Kause et al., 2022).”
Miller, L., Bolton, M., Boulton, J., Mintrom, M., Nicholson, A. E., Rüdiger, C., Skinner, R., Raven, R., & Webb, G. I. (2020) · 2020 IEEE / ITU International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Good (AI4G) · doi:10.1109/ai4g50087.2020.9311014 · Cited by 16
“Communication of the uncertainty associated with outputs of climate change models and with expert opinion for the purpose of policy and decision making has been a huge challenge for the IPCC (e.g. [53]).”
BackgroundValues and Objectivity in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Jebeile, J. (2020) · Social Epistemology · doi:10.1080/02691728.2020.1779380 · Cited by 16
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“However, Budescu et al. (2012, 2014) have shown that people persistently misinterpret these statements.”
BackgroundLyytimäki, J., Eckert, N., Lepenies, R., Mosoni, C., Mustajoki, J., & Pedersen, A. B. (2022) · Ambio · doi:10.1007/s13280-022-01787-z · Cited by 15
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“In support of this motivated reasoning hypothesis, evidence has indicated that people’s prior beliefs affect the way they understand climate change predictions (Budescu, Broomell, & Por, 2009; Budescu et al., 2012, 2014; Corner, Whitmarsh, & Xenias, 2012; Kahan, Jenkins-Smith, & Braman, 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBostrom, A. (2014) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2014.923032 · Cited by 18
“More recent work has demonstrated improvements possible with inclusion of numerical information over and above verbal probabilities (e.g. Budescu et al. 2009, 2012, 2014) and the usefulness of information about uncertainties in decision-making about risks when the representation of uncertainty is…”
BackgroundThe effect of uncertainty communication on public trust depends on belief–evidence consistency
Dries, C., McDowell, M., Schneider, C., & Rebitschek, F. (2025) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf071 · Cited by 14
“These interpretations were strongly linked to people’s ideology and beliefs about climate change (10).”
Clean Technology and Food Waste Reduction in On-Site Foodservice Management Companies
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“For example, the uncertainty involved in the occurrence of climate change results in incorrectly calculating the probability of its damages in the future (Budescu et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCommunication of Statistics and Evidence in Times of Crisis
Schneider, C., Kerr, J. R., Dryhurst, S., & Aston, J. (2023) · Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application · doi:10.1146/annurev-statistics-040722-052011 · Cited by 14
“Individuals’ interpretations of IPCC risk statements were more accurate when the words and numbers were presented together every time in the texts, rather than simply in a separate reference table (Budescu et al., 2012).”
BackgroundEvaluating effective public engagement: local stories from a global network of IPCC scientists
Pidcock, R., Heath, K., Messling, L., Wang, S., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Corner, A., Shaw, C. J., & Gomis, M. (2021) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-021-03230-w · Cited by 15
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“This idea is inspired from [15].”
Kause, A., de Bruin, W. B., Domingos, S., Mittal, N., Lowe, J. A., & Fung, F. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abb265 · Cited by 26
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“TABLE I IPCC UNCERTAINTY SCALE [14]”
Data-driven recommendations for enhancing real-time natural hazard warnings
Saunders, K., Forbes, O., Hopf, J. K., Patterson, C. R., Vollert, S. A., Brown, K., Browning, R., Canizares, M., Cottrell, R. S., Li, L., et al. (2025) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101274 · Cited by 16
How to improve people's interpretation of probabilities of precipitation
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“Budescu, Broomell, and Por (2009), Budescu, Broomell, and Por (2012), Budescu et al. (2014) produced evidence of the benefits of this method in climate change risk communication.”
BackgroundInstructions on reasonable doubt: Defining the standard of proof and the juror’s task.
Dhami, M. K., Lundrigan, S., & Mueller-Johnson, K. U. (2015) · Psychology Public Policy and Law · doi:10.1037/law0000038 · Cited by 13
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Differences between decisions made using verbal or numerical quantifiers
Liu, D., Juanchich, M., Sirota, M., & Orbell, S. (2020) · Thinking and Reasoning · doi:10.1080/13546783.2020.1720813 · Cited by 12
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Focus to an attribute with verbal or numerical quantifiers affects the attribute framing effect.Preprint
Liu, D., Juanchich, M., & Sirota, M. (2020) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.31234/osf.io/6ft29 · Cited by 11
Martire, K. A. (2018) · Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1080/00450618.2018.1439101 · Cited by 10
Attaran, S., Mosaedi, A., Qeidari, H. S., & Derakhshandeh, J. F. (2024) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104292 · Cited by 10
Mandel, D. R., & Irwin, D. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248424 · Cited by 10
“In an important extension of [5,18,19] work, [1] examined the efficacy of the US intelligence community guideline shown in Table 1.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe Effect of IPCC Reports and Regulatory Announcements on the Stock Market
Rogova, E. M., & Aprelkova, G. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12083142 · Cited by 13
“[22] claim that the verbal method of probabilities does not match the intended severity offered by the IPCC, even if we disregard differences in confidence about future climate change driven by, for instance, age, gender, and political inclinations.”
MethodUncertainty Expressions in Accounting: Critical Issues and Recommendations
Zhang, Y., Zoysa, A. D. D., & Cortese, C. (2019) · Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal · doi:10.14453/aabfj.v13i4.2 · Cited by 10
Framing Climate Uncertainty: Frame Choices Reveal and Influence Climate Change Beliefs
Kause, A., Townsend, T., & Gaissmaier, W. (2018) · Weather Climate and Society · doi:10.1175/wcas-d-18-0002.1 · Cited by 12
Crano, W. (2015) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315717104-11 · Cited by 10
Expressions of uncertainty in online science communication hinder information diffusion
Stavrova, O., Kleinberg, B., Evans, A. M., & Ivanović, M. (2024) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae439 · Cited by 9
“In a study of the perception of uncertainty in climate change reports, the public consistently misinterpreted the probabilistic statements in a regressive manner: people underestimated high probability and overestimated low probability (relative to the communicators’ intentions) (57).”
BackgroundAskari, E., Savari, M., & Rezaei, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-15847-3 · Cited by 9
“A key challenge in reducing HD regarding climate impacts is that individuals often misunderstand climate change predictions, such as flood occurrence, and frequently misinterpret probabilities 121 .”
Shi, Y., Armin Haller, A., Reeson, A. F., Li, X., & Li, C. (2024) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2024.2316287 · Cited by 15
“For instance, Budescu, Por, and Broomell (2012) found altering display caters to people with different preferences for information presentation formats and can improve the quality of communication by helping people, regardless of their ideological and environmental views, to better communicate…”
Mandel, D. R., Wallsten, T., & Budescu, D. (2020) · Earth's Future · doi:10.1029/2020ef001526 · Cited by 9
“Budescu et al. (2009, 2012, 2014) studied this issue extensively in the context of the IPCC standard.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDhungana, A., Doyle, E., Prasanna, R., & McDonald, G. W. (2025) · Environment Systems and Decisions · doi:10.1007/s10669-025-10039-w · Cited by 8
“Additionally, decision-makers’ priorities, understanding of scientific concepts, and familiarity with uncertainty language impact how uncertainty is interpreted (Constable et al. 2022; Budescu et al. 2012; Wein et al. 2016).”
Rosen, Z., Krocak, M. J., Ripberger, J., Cross, R. N., Lenhardt, E. D., Silva, C. L., & Jenkins-Smith, H. (2021) · Journal of Operational Meteorology · doi:10.15191/nwajom.2021.0907 · Cited by 8
“%) to indicate certainty in scientific statements (Budescu et al. 2012).”
Improving the Use of Hydrologic Probabilistic and Deterministic Information in Decision-Making
Carr, R., Semmens, K., Montz, B., & Maxfield, K. (2021) · Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS) · doi:10.1175/bams-d-21-0019.1 · Cited by 8
“This is in keeping with the recognition that people have different levels of numeracy (Grounds and Joslyn 2018) and, at the same time, there can be large differences in how people interpret verbal descriptions (Budescu et al. 2012).”
BackgroundGregory, R., Satterfield, T., & Boyd, D. R. (2019) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.13409 · Cited by 8
The US National Climate Assessment: Innovations in Science and Engagement
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Negations in uncertainty lexicon affect attention, decision-making and trust
Juanchich, M., Shepherd, T., & Sirota, M. (2020) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02737-y · Cited by 7
“(Budescu et al. 2012; Budescu et al. 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialA New Approach for Explainable Multiple Organ Annotation with Few DataPreprint
Pierrard, R., Poli, J.-P., & Hudelot, C. (2019) · International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.12932 · Cited by 7
Howes, L., Martire, K., & Kelty, S. (2014) · Forensic Science Policy & Management An International Journal · doi:10.1080/19409044.2014.880973 · Cited by 7
Juarez‐Bourke, S. (2018) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70479-1_9 · Cited by 7
Model uncertainty, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the science-policy interface
Thorén, H., & Gerlee, P. (2024) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.230803 · Cited by 7
“…reasons, including for instance how different groups (and crucially the intended audience) understand natural language uncertainty terms (e.g. [9,10]), disciplinary differences in how uncertainties are conceptualized (e.g. [11]), what to do when we cannot muster quantitative reports on…”
BackgroundDefinitely Maybe: Hedges And Boosters in the HCI LiteraturePreprint
Besançon, L., Jansen, Y., Cockburn, A., & Dragicevic, P. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/mjg7h · Cited by 6
“These challenges to the effective communication of science have been broadly discussed in multiple fields [23, 35, 50], particularly in areas of widespread concern such as health [71], nutrition science [4], education research [105], and climate change [18].”
BackgroundEntirely possible overruns: how people think and talk about probabilistic cost estimates
Teigen, K., Andersen, B., Alnes, S. L., & Hesselberg, J. (2019) · International Journal of Managing Projects in Business · doi:10.1108/ijmpb-06-2018-0114 · Cited by 6
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“Therefore, effectively communicating climate change data to broader audiences remains a significant challenge [1].”
The IPCC and the challenge of ex post policy evaluation
Tol, R. (2022) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2207.14724 · Cited by 5
“…are communicated (Allen et al., 2001, Patt and Dessai, 2005, Ha-Duong et al., 2007, Risbey and Kandlikar, 2007, Schenk and Lensink, 2007, Budescu et al., 2009, Swart et al., 2009, Curry, 2011, Curry and Webster, 2011, Mastrandrea et al., 2011, Mastrandrea and Mach, 2011, Moss, 2011,…”
BackgroundEye-tracking evidence for fixation asymmetries in verbal and numerical quantifier processing
Holford, D., Juanchich, M., Foulsham, T., Sirota, M., & Clarke, A. (2021) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s1930297500008056 · Cited by 5
Wester, M. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2021.1914560 · Cited by 5
Lentz, E., Zeigler, S., Thieler, E., & Plant, N. (2020) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-020-01136-z · Cited by 5
Improving the Use of Calibrated Language in U.S. Climate Assessments
Crimmins, A. R. (2020) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1029/2020ef001817 · Cited by 7
Psychological insights for judging expertise and implications for adversarial legal contexts
Martire, K. A., Neal, T. M. S., Gobet, F. R., Chin, J. M., Berengut, J. F., & Edmond, G. (2025) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-025-00430-4 · Cited by 9
Minnich, A., Roggenkamp, H., & Lange, A. (2024) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106778 · Cited by 4
Duke, M. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.2364 · Cited by 4
Drouet, I., Andler, D., Barberousse, A., & Jebeile, J. (2021) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-021-03430-y · Cited by 4
Hart, A., Maxim, L., Siegrist, M., da Cruz, C., Merten, C., Lahaniatis, M., & Smith, A. (2019) · EFSA Supporting Publications · doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.en-1540 · Cited by 4
Smith, A., Hart, A., von Goetz, N., da Cruz, C., Mosbach-Schulz, O., & Merten, C. (2018) · EFSA Supporting Publications · doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.en-1413 · Cited by 4
Risk it? Direct and collateral impacts of peers' verbal expressions about hazard likelihoods*
Windschitl, P. D., Smith, A. R., Scherer, A., & Suls, J. (2017) · Thinking & Reasoning · doi:10.1080/13546783.2017.1307785 · Cited by 4
Experimental Insights: Testing Climate Change Cooperation in the Lab
Jacquet, J. (2015) · Social research · doi:10.1353/sor.2015.0038 · Cited by 4
“Research shows that members of the public consistently misin- terpret the verbal IPCC descriptions of uncertainty as underestimates 646 social research (Budescu et al. 2012; 2014), and Milinski et al. (2008) highlighted why this matters in cooperation dilemmas.”
BackgroundSun, X.-F., Jakeman, A., Croke, B., & Chen, M. (2026) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.107068 · Cited by 3
When flood warnings fail: Psychological predictors of information clarity and evacuation intention
Tanaka, K., Kito, T., & Tanaka, K. (2026) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106075 · Cited by 5
Communicating certainty via verbal probability phrases: comparing health contexts with no context
Shou, Y.-Y., Lee, L., Yeo, J., & Smithson, M. (2025) · BMC Primary Care · doi:10.1186/s12875-024-02687-9 · Cited by 3
Nie, X., Wu, X., Wang, H., Kang, Q., Li, F., Li, L., & Qiao, H. (2023) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2023.2220334 · Cited by 3
“However, several studies showed that participants’ predictions of climate change often have incorrect assumptions (Leiserowitz et al. 2013; Weber and Stern, 2011; Budescu et al. 2012).”
An appropriate verbal probability lexicon for communicating surgical risks is unlikely to exist.
Harris, A., Tran, T., Jenkins, S. C., Su, A., He, L.-X., Zhu, Y., & Gane, S. (2022) · Journal of experimental psychology. Applied · doi:10.1037/xap0000423 · Cited by 3
“…one approach to improving risk communication advocated by some previous researchers is to supplement VPEs with numerical translations (e.g., Berry & Hochhauser, 2006; Budescu et al., 2009, 2012, 2014; Harris et al., 2017; Visschers et al., 2009; Wintle et al., 2019; Witteman & Renooij, 2003).”
BackgroundTuncel, E., & Bottom, W. P. (2019) · Group Decision and Negotiation · doi:10.1007/s10726-019-09628-3 · Cited by 5
Communicating hazards—A social science review to meet U.S. Geological Survey needs
Milch, K. F., Perry, S. C., & Bruce, J. L. (2019) · Circular · doi:10.3133/cir1449 · Cited by 3
Negative verbal probabilities undermine communication of climate science
Juanchich, M., Teigen, K. H., Shepherd, T. G., & Sirota, M. (2025) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02472-1 · Cited by 2
“Our studies showcase the importance of studying verbal uncertainty beyond their quantitative interpretations 42,43 .”
Unequal Uncertainty: Rethinking Algorithmic Interventions for Mitigating Discrimination from AIPreprint
Sargeant, H., Jorgensen, M., Shah, A., Goring, S., Weller, A., & Bhatt, U. (2025) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.07872 · Cited by 5
“It could be described through a predefined categorisation (Budescu, Por, and Broomell 2012) (e.g., high, moderate, low (Balshem et al. 2011)), numerically (Spiegelhalter, Pearson, and Short 2011; Reyna and Brainerd 2008), via a distribution summary (Lipkus and Hollands 1999; Rousseeuw, Ruts, and…”
Harnessing Visualization for Climate Action and Sustainable Future
Mahyar, N. (2024) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2410.17411 · Cited by 2
“Although the IPCC has a remarkable history of accomplishments [20], a significant challenge remains in effectively communicating climate data to diverse audiences [8,37].”
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Sobradelo, R., & Martí, J. (2017) · Advances in volcanology · doi:10.1007/11157_2017_15 · Cited by 2
“To minimise this problem, a combination of verbal uncertainty terms (e.g.: very likely) with quantitative specifications (e.g.: <90% probability) has been recommended, for example, to better understand results from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Budescu et al. 2009, 2012).”
BackgroundMethodDecision-making under model misspecification: an application to climate policy
Ghirri, J., Marinacci, M., Berger, L., & Tavoni, M. (2026) · Decisions in Economics and Finance · doi:10.1007/s10203-026-00579-4 · Cited by 1
Jungmann, M., & Lazarova-Molnar, S. (2025) · ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · doi:10.1145/3672608.3707826 · Cited by 1
“Budescu et al. [6] propose a uncertainty scale for the domain of climatology.”
InfluentialWords or numbers? How framing uncertainties affects risk assessment and decision-making
Bodenberger, R., & Thommes, K. (2026) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2026.2667755 · Cited by 3
“…documented across various domains (see Teigen, Juanchich, and Løhre 2022), including meteorology (Rosen et al. 2021), the medical field (Brun and Teigen 1988; Berry, Knapp, and Raynor 2011, Andreadis et al. 2021), and reports on climate change (Budescu, Por, and Broomell 2012, Budescu et al. 2014).”
InfluentialDuke, M. (2024) · Intelligence and national security · doi:10.1080/02684527.2024.2392376 · Cited by 1
Communication of Uncertainty in AI Regulations
Phutane, A. (2023) · Community Change · doi:10.21061/cc.v4i2.a.50 · Cited by 1
“Other forms of numerical information–such as percents, probabilities, and likelihoods–can lead to misinterpretation depending on whether they are accompanied by verbal descriptions (Budescu, Por, and Broomell 2012) or frequency distribution plots (Teigen, Juanchich, and Riege 2013).”
Schauss, M., Held, H., & Sprenger, S. (2022) · GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society · doi:10.14512/gaia.31.3.7 · Cited by 1
Apocalypse now Communicating extreme forecasts
Fischbeck, P. S., & Rode, D. C. (2021) · International Journal of Global Warming · doi:10.1504/ijgw.2021.10035008 · Cited by 3
“It can undermine public engagement (Budescu et al., 2012) and form a barrier to public mobilisation (Pidgeon and Fischhoff, 2011).”
BackgroundShades of green behaviour under heterogeneous subjective risk and social domains
Caferra, R., Morone, A., & Morone, P. (2026) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.108976 · Cited by 1
Assessing and Communicating Uncertainty Effectively in a Rapidly Changing WorldPreprint
Mandel, D. R. (2019) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3441329 · Cited by 1
Ashworth, P. (2013) · International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM) · doi:10.36334/modsim.2013.k7.limcamacho · Cited by 1
“, 2009 Pidgeon, 2012), in particular because of its inherent uncertainties and risk associations (Budescu et al., 2012).”
BackgroundHow value representation formats influence project cognition and project portfolio decisions
Killen, C. P., Naeni, L., Hackman, D. C., Salehipour, A., & Ang, K. (2026) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2026.102933
Pollock, J., & Phillips, K. P. (2026) · Inquiry · doi:10.1080/0020174x.2026.2733559
Gaveau, A., Hrabanski, M., & Nahrath, S. (2026) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2026.104464
Teachers dealing with disciplinary uncertainty in the context of climate change education
Hanke, M., Paseka, A., & Sprenger, S. (2026) · International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education · doi:10.1080/10382046.2026.2711054
Zarifi, M., Chordaki, E., Arapostathis, S., Τσατσαρώνη, Ε., Ninos, G., & Patiniotis, M. (2026) · Sociological Research Online · doi:10.1177/13607804261451760
Scholz, R. W., & Scholz, S. W. (2026) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147313
Visualizing versus verbalizing uncertainty in intelligence analysis
Dhami, M. K., Witt, J. K., & de Werd, P. (2025) · Intelligence & National Security · doi:10.1080/02684527.2025.2468049 · Cited by 2
When “Sometimes” Means “Often”: How Stereotypes Affect Interpretations of Quantitative Expressions
Beukeboom, C. J., van der Meer, J., & Burgers, C. (2023) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x231212883
“Similarly, interpretations of probability phrases can vary (Budescu et al., 2012; Willems et al., 2020).”
BackgroundResultSouza, B. V. B. S., Duarte, L. T., & Coltri, P. P. (2025) · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências · doi:10.1590/0001-3765202520250486
Metadata
- Authors
- Budescu, D. V., Por, H.-H., & Broomell, S. B.
- Affiliations
- Fordham University (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Budescu, David V.
- Venue
- Climatic Change
- Published
- 2011-11-23
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 181-200
- ISSN
- 0165-0009 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-1480
- OpenAlex
- W1994500457
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 30.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Climatic Change (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Keywords
- uncertainty communication, IPCC reports, regression to the mean, individual differences, political ideology, climate change beliefs, science communication
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