Interpretation Bias and Social Anxiety

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845

Untitled work

(1970) · Cited by 24,983

Illusion and well‐being: A social psychological perspective on mental health

Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193 · Cited by 7,814

Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety.

Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027806 · Cited by 3,467

Anxiety, sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness

Reiss, S., Peterson, R. A., Gursky, D. M., & McNally, R. J. (1986) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90143-9 · Cited by 3,169

Misunderstanding analysis of covariance.

Miller, G. A., & Chapman, J. P. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.110.1.40 · Cited by 2,136

Cognitive processes in anxiety

Butler, G., & Mathews, A. (1983) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(83)90015-2 · Cited by 738

Social phobia and interpretation of social events

Stopa, L. L., & Clark, D. M. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00043-1 · Cited by 505

Cognitive Processes in Depression

Newman, C. F. (1989) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198908000-00008 · Cited by 476

Cognitive biases in generalized social phobia

Foa, E. B., Franklin, M. E., Perry, K. J., & Herbert, J. D. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.3.433 · Cited by 416

Cognitive bias modification for threat interpretations: using passive Mobile Sensing to detect intervention effects in daily life

Daniel, K. E., Mendu, S., Baglione, A. N., Cai, L., Teachman, B. A., Barnes, L. E., & Boukhechba, M. (2021) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1959916 · Cited by 5

The effects of trait social anxiety on affective and behavioral reactions to others' resource allocations

Anderl, C., Dorrough, A. R., Rohrbeck, M., & Glöckner, A. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.2259 · Cited by 5

Aberrant neural correlates of multisensory processing of audiovisual social cues related to social anxiety: An electrophysiological study

Gan, S.-Z., & Li, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1020812 · Cited by 5

Unmet expectations: social inclusion and the interaction between social anxiety and ambiguous or positive feedback

Thériault, R., Dion-Cliche, F., & Dandeneau, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1271773 · Cited by 5

Trait Anxiety and Biased Prospective Memory for Targets Associated with Negative Future Events

Notebaert, L., Jones, E., Clarke, P., & MacLeod, C. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9986-6 · Cited by 4

Post-event Processing and Alcohol Intoxication: The Moderating Role of Social Anxiety

Ogniewicz, A., Kuntsche, E., & O'Connor, R. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10011-4 · Cited by 4

Post-migration living difficulties and poor mental health associated with increased interpretation bias for threat

Vikhanova, A., Tibber, M. S., & Mareschal, I. (2023) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218231191442 · Cited by 5

Cognitive bias modification of interpretation for social anxiety: A "bottom-up" intervention?

Bingqian, L., & Li, X. (2018) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2018.00859 · Cited by 3

To be or Not to be Threatening, but What was the Question? Biased Face Evaluation in Social Anxiety and Depression Depends on How You Frame the Query

Lange, W., Rinck, M., & Becker, E. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00205 · Cited by 4

Social Anxiety and Misinterpretation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Describe Subscale

Jensen, D., Bruce, L. C., Heimberg, R., Matt, L. M., & Morrison, A. S. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.30.3.168 · Cited by 4

"r u mad @ me?": Social anxiety and interpretation bias in computer-mediated contexts

Kingsbury, M. K. (2014) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2014-10508 · Cited by 4

An Investigation of Emotional and Cognitive Responses to Positive, Negative, and Neutral Social Evaluation Using a Face-to-Face Social Interaction Task in Social Anxiety Disorder

Wilson, G. A., Malivoire, B. L., Cassin, S. E., & Antony, M. M. (2022) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-022-00137-x · Cited by 3

A Web-Based Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention (Re-train Your Brain) for Emerging Adults With Co-occurring Social Anxiety and Hazardous Alcohol Use: Protocol for a Multiarm Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Prior, K., Salemink, E., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Teachman, B. A., Piggott, M., Newton, N. C., Teesson, M., Baillie, A., Manning, V., McLellan, L. F., et al. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/28667 · Cited by 5

Examining Unique Associations of Social Anxiety and Depression on Behaviorally Assessed Affective Empathy

Alvi, T., Rosenfield, D., Sunahara, C. S., Wallmark, Z., Lee, J., & Tabak, B. A. (2022) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221104735 · Cited by 3

Mediated hugs modulate impressions of Hearsay information

Nakanishi, J., Sumioka, H., & Ishiguro, H. (2020) · Advanced Robotics · doi:10.1080/01691864.2020.1760933 · Cited by 3

Virtual Hug Induces Modulated Impression on Hearsay Information

Nakanishi, J., Sumioka, H., & Ishiguro, H. (2018) · International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction (HAI) · doi:10.1145/3284432.3284459 · Cited by 3

Don't Worry, Be Happy

Watkins, P. C., & Pereira, A. J. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468197.ch14 · Cited by 3

The Impact of Group Feedback on Self-Perceptions Following Videotape Exposure in CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder

Laposa, J. M., & Rector, N. A. (2022) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455221118349 · Cited by 2

Web-Based Cognitive Bias Modification Program for Young People With Social Anxiety and Hazardous Alcohol Use: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy Study

Prior, K., Salemink, E., Piggott, M., Manning, V., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Teachman, B. A., Teesson, M., Baillie, A., Mahoney, A., McLellan, L. F., et al. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/46008 · Cited by 2

Pathological network changes in patients with social anxiety disorder before and after an Internet-based CBT

Xu, W., Margraf, J., Qian, M., Berger, T., Zhao, N., Gou, M., & Wei, S. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100691 · Cited by 2

Development of the A-DISS Rejection Task to Demonstrate the Unique and Overlapping Affective Features of Social Anxiety and Depression

Cloutier, R. M., Bilsky, S. A., Baxley, C., Anderson, K. G., & Blumenthal, H. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10152-x · Cited by 2

Cognitive Biases in Social Anxiety Disorder: Examining Interpretation and Attention Biases and Their Relation to Anxious Behavior

Mehta, N. (2016) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/8489433 · Cited by 2

Social anxiety, depression, and emotional congruence

Alvi, T. (2020) · SMU Scholar (Southern Methodist University) · Cited by 2

The Efficacy of Working Memory Training on Working Memory Capacity, Psychopathology, and Mental Well-being

Wanmaker, S. (2011) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 2

Content-specificity of a single-session cognitive bias modification of interpretations for social anxiety

Daniel, E. K., Johnco, C. J., & Sicouri, G. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100937 · Cited by 1

A multi-method analysis of the role of social anxiety in hostile interpretation bias

Patel, T. A., Sala, M. C., Zech, J. M., & Cougle, J. R. (2026) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2026.2615653 · Cited by 1

Interpretive Bias in the Context of Life Stress and Depression: An Examination of Stress Generation and Diathesis-Stress Models

Seeds, P. M. (2012) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 2

Social Anxiety Disorder

Horenstein, A., Butler, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108140416.018 · Cited by 2

The reciprocal effects of induced mood and interpretation biases in high and low trait anxious participants performing a cognitive task

Shelfer, L. (2010) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) · Cited by 1

At risk for pain : pain-related anxiety, cognition, and processing biases

Vancleef, L. M. G. (2007) · doi:10.26481/dis.20071108lv · Cited by 1

What is the Function of Post-Event Processing in Social Anxiety Disorder? The Role of Metacognitive Beliefs, Memory Uncertainty and Perception of Performance

Gavric, D. L. (2014) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo) · Cited by 1

Computationally-defined markers of uncertainty aversion predict trajectories of perceived threat and anxiety during a global pandemicPreprint

Wise, T., Zbozinek, T. D., Charpentier, C. J., Michelini, G., Hagan, C. C., & Mobbs, D. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/zpg69 · Cited by 1

Exploring links between shyness, interpretation biases, and negative peer experiences in early childhood

Ooi, L. L. (2012) · doi:10.22215/etd/2012-07379 · Cited by 2

Interpretation Biases in Anxiety – A Three-Level Meta-AnalysisPreprint

Würtz, F., Kunna, M., Lindgraf, C., Abado, E., Amanvermez, Y., Blackwell, S. E., Margraf, J., Everaert, J., & Woud, M. L. (2023) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7zkvr · Cited by 1

Cognitive rehearsal, cognitive bias and the development offear in high trait-anxious children

Nightingale, Z. C. (2011) · Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex)

Interpretation of Ambiguous Information: Can Generalized Anxiety Disorder Be Distinguished From Other Anxiety Disorders?

Anderson, K. G. (2010) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)

The integration of dual-systems processing and cognitive bias in cognitive vulnerability to anxiety: Investigations of spider fear

Ouimet, A. J. (2013) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)

Questionnaire of social probability and potential consequences: Examination of reliability and validity on Serbian population

Ranđelović, K., & Ranđelović Dušan, J. (2014) · Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini · doi:10.5937/zrffp44-7085

Fearing the evaluative context of personnel selection : how bad can it get?

Proost, K. (2008) · Lirias

The effects of positive, negative and ambiguous feedback on state anxiety and cognitive appraisals in Social Anxiety Disorder.

Chen, S. X. (2015) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)

A theory-guided investigation of proposed factors that influence the relationship between cybervictimization and psychological adjustment in late adolescents

Hord, M. K. (2015) · DigitalCommons (California Polytechnic State University)

Memory Bias for Anxiety Prior to Academic Achievement Situations: Influences of Time, Mood, Personality and Post-Event-Processing

Humanwissenschaften, F. (2016)

Attributions for perceived discriminatory events as predictors of social anxiety in gay men

Burns, M. N. (2009)

Social Anxiety Disorder: Behavioural Characteristics Associated with the Cortisol Stress Response

Vaccarino, O. (2013) · TSpace (University of Toronto)

Origins of Threat Based Responding in Anxious Children

Bell, C. (2013) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/420

Examining the Link Between Social Anxiety and Alcohol Use: The Role of Post-Event Processing

Ogniewicz, A. (2018) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)

The influence of social anxiety-provoking contexts on context reinstatement effects

Yeung, R. C., Lee, C. M., & Fernandes, M. A. (2021) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/1747021821998489

Correcting self-deprecating bias in social anxiety

Cobb, M. N. (2007)

Beyond the interpersonal core of Schizotypal Personality and Autism: Associations between autism and schizotypal traits are not merely due to Social Anxiety.Preprint

Barry, L., Clint, L., Haigh, M., Milton, E., Park, A., Zavlis, O., & Jones, M. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/m7hn9

Social Anxiety and Non-Medical Prescription Stimulant Use Among College Students

Cloutier, R. M. (2016) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc849701

The role of risk regulation in intimate relationships among individuals with social anxiety disorder and healthy controls

Lenton‐Brym, A. P. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14649807.v1 · Cited by 1

Hedging in decision making in disorders of the impulsive-compulsive spectrum

Pongracic, S. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14655960.v1

Effects of interpretation training on subjective, behavioural, and physiological measures of anxiety during a self-presentation task in an analogue social anxiety sample

Nowakowski, M. E. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14645712.v1

Rodgers, Lau, & Zebrowski (preprint) - "Examining the effects of stuttering and social anxiety on interpretations of ambiguous social scenarios among adolescents"Preprint

Rodgers, N. H. (2021) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/n826m

Evaluation of an interpretation bias modification program targeting internalizing symptoms in secondary school students

Wie, M. V. (2022) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/94194

A Systematic Examination of Fear of Positive Evaluation in the Context of Social Anxiety

Wilson, G. A. (2023) · doi:10.32920/24058851

A Systematic Examination of Fear of Positive Evaluation in the Context of Social Anxiety

Wilson, G. A. (2023) · doi:10.32920/24058851.v1

Anxiety Disorders

Woodruff‐Borden, J., Lee, A. M., & Gramszlo, C. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394258970.ch9

Mood Disorder Symptom Severity Is Associated with Greater Affective Forecasting Error

Petagna, K. D., Bouchard-Liporto, M., & Wormwood, J. B. (2024) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-024-10121-8

Mediated Hug Modulates Impressions of Hearsay Information

Nakanishi, J., Sumioka, H., & Ishiguro, H. (2024) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003384274-23

Mobile Cognitive Interventions in Mental Disorders

Blomberg, M. (2024) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-10652

Modeling Marijuana Use Willingness and Problems as a Function of Social Rejection and Social Anxiety

Cloutier, R. M. (2019) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc1505189

An investigation of the feeling that an inter-turn silence has lasted too long

Thomas, A. M., & Kaschak, M. P. (2025) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-025-02760-z

Directe en indirecte manier van meten van de interpretatiebias bij hoog en laagangstige studenten

Bel-Elkatib, H., & Berkhli, H. (2009) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)

Targeted high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to modify cognitive biases in young adults with social anxiety: a randomized controlled trial

Yu, Y., Yu, H., Pan, R., Chen, C., Yan, Y., Ma, Z.-H., Luo, W., & Wang, Y.-Y. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03520-8

The Impact of Psychological Security on Individual Interpretation Bias: The Crucial Role of Social Situational Factors

Tong, X., LianPing, Z., Jia, Y., Guo, J., Xu, J., Yin, D., & Zeng, S. (2026) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2026.2666510

The role of social anxiety and attentional focus in a virtual reality environment on articulatory control in adults who stutter

Bauerly, K. R., & Mefferd, A. S. (2026) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2026.106236

Initial Evidence of Mathematics Interpretation Bias Intervention Effects on College Students’ Mathematics Anxiety

Barroso, C., Yi, X., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.70405

Interpreting Ambiguous Social Situations in Social Anxiety: Application of Computerized Task Measuring Interpretation Bias

Khalili-Torghabeh S., M. A. (2013) · Research Information System of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (Ardabil University of Medical Sciences)

Interpretation bias and social anxiety: does interpretation bias mediate the relationship between trait social anxiety and state anxiety responses?

Chen, J., Milne, K., Dayman, J., & Kemps, E. (2018) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1476323 · Cited by 80

Interpretive biases for ambiguous stimuli in social anxiety

Constans, J. I., Penn, D. L., Ihen, G. H., & Hope, D. A. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00180-6 · Cited by 181

Interpretation Bias in Social Anxiety: A Dimensional Perspective

Huppert, J. D., Foa, E. B., Furr, J. M., Filip, J. C., & Mathews, A. (2003) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1026359105456 · Cited by 111

Social Anxiety and Interpretation Bias

Wang, X.-L., Qian, M.-Y., Yu, H.-Y., Sun, Y., Li, S.-W., Yang, P., Lin, M.-Y., Yao, N.-S., & Zhang, X. (2016) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294116658605 · Cited by 5