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Expanded Hopelessness Theory of Depression: On the Mechanisms by which Social Support Protects Against Depression

Panzarella, Catherine, Alloy, Lauren B., Whitehouse, Wayne G.·2006·Cognitive Therapy and Research

DOI 10.1007/s10608-006-9048-3

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“As for the intervention package, it should be noted that the components and the duration of the intervention package were supported by evidence-based literature findings pertaining to the positive impact of structured social support on disease [48-57] and mental health outcomes [30,38-43,55-57].”
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Gaskin, A. L., Calamaras, M. R., LoParo, D., Goodnight, B. L., Remmert, B. C., Salami, T. K., Mack, S. A., & Kaslow, N. J. (2016) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2016.1249895 · Cited by 9
Adolescent suicidal behaviors, self rated health and multiple health risk behaviors: Exploring new perspectives in suicide prevention research
Nkansah‐Amankra, S., Diédhiou, A., Walker, A. D., Agbanu, H. L. K., & Clark, A. (2010) · Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology · doi:10.5897/jphe.9000006 · Cited by 8
Patient or treatment centre? Where are efforts invested to improve cancer patients' psychosocial outcomes?
Carey, M. L., Clinton‐McHarg, T., Sanson‐Fisher, R., CAMPBELL, S., & Douglas, H. (2010) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2010.01211.x · Cited by 7
“…theories acknowledge the role of a range of factors in the aetiology of psychological distress, the emphasis is on the role of factors such as cognitions, attitudes, behaviours (Beck et al. 1979), interpersonal relationships (Ravitz et al. 2008) and social factors (Panzarella et al. 2006).”
Background
Moving beyond main effects: A data analytic strategy for testing complex theories of clinical phenomena.
Russell, A., Haeffel, G. J., Hankin, B. L., Maxwell, S. E., & Perera, R. A. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12083 · Cited by 7
Depression, Family Support and Hopelessness: a correlated study
Baptista, M. N., Carneiro, A. M., & Cardoso, H. F. (2014) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy13-2.dfsh · Cited by 6
“Authors like Abramson et al. (1989), Alford et al. (1995), Alloy et al. (1999) and Panzarella et al. (2006) had already found associations among these constructs where was reported hopelessness as a potential factor for triggering of depression.”
Background
COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde acil servis çalışanlarının psikolojik durumları
Avcı, S., & Yağcı, İ. (2020) · Bozok Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.16919/bozoktip.778738 · Cited by 8
10-Week Trajectories of Candidate Psychological Processes Differentially Predict Mental Health Gains from Online Dyadic versus Mindfulness Interventions: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Godara, M., & Singer, T. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13113295 · Cited by 5
Associations between social engagement, internalizing symptoms, and delusional ideation in the general population
Hall, L. M., Moussa‐Tooks, A. B., & Sheffield, J. M. (2023) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-023-02540-x · Cited by 6
“The presence of social support may buffer hopeless-ness by reducing vulnerability to negative inferential styles and/or a focus on negative life events [66].”
An egocentric network analysis of U.S. college students’ recollection of mental health symptoms and social connections during the COVID-19 pandemic
Amo, C., Nabil, A. K., & Patterson, M. S. (2024) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2286469 · Cited by 5
“Ego hopelessness significantly correlated with two individual level (health and vaccination status) and one network level (network composition of depressive symptoms) 76 factor.”
The recovery function of parasocial relationships for hopelessness on short-form video platforms: a moderated mediation study
Xie, X., Lin, Y., & Bai, Q. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24830-6 · Cited by 8
“These perceptions can largely be overcome with appropriate social support [74].”
The impact of COVID-19 on fertility intention in Australian adults
Joyce, M., Powell, Z., & Davis, C. (2022) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2022.2118201 · Cited by 5
“Social support is a protective factor in promoting positive wellbeing and decreasing hopelessness (Panzarella et al., 2006).”
Background
The development and validation of the Hopelessness Inventory-5 in a community-based sample
WANG, Y.-H. J., Batterham, P. J., Cruwys, T., & Calear, A. L. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100623 · Cited by 8
Problem çözme, umutsuzluk, çaresizlik ve talihsizlik MMPI-2 ile ölçülen psikopatolojinin yordayicilari olabilir mi?*
Vatan, S., & Dağ, İ. (2009) · Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry · Cited by 4
COVİD-19 sebebiyle bir kurumda karantina altında bulunan bireylerde kaygı ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler
Koç, A., Demirkol, M. E., Uzun, L. N., & Tok, H. H. (2021) · Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.30569/adiyamansaglik.817512 · Cited by 4
The Role of Negative Affect in the Assessment of Quality of Life among Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Gawlik, N. R., & Bond, M. J. (2018) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2018.42.2.130 · Cited by 4
“Hopelessness depression Hopelessness depression is described in terms of its emotional and motivational symptoms such as sad affect, lack of energy, apathy, psychomotor retardation, sleep disturbance, and, at times, lowered self-esteem and dependency [17].”
Background
The effect of hopelessness on violence tendency: Turkish football fans
Yalçın, İ., Ekinci, N. E., & Ayhan, C. (2021) · Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research · doi:10.2478/pcssr-2021-0015 · Cited by 3
The relationship of the career barriers of women teachers with their perceptions of professional social support and hopelessness level: evidence from Turkey
Kılavuz, T., & İnandı, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Leadership in Education · doi:10.1080/13603124.2022.2098380 · Cited by 3
“It was observed through literature review that there are a limited number of studies on teachers’ perceptions of social support and hopelessness levels (Beedie & Kennedy, 2002; Kılıç & Şahan Yılmaz, 2015; Panzarella et al., 2006).”
The Security Consequences of Bearing Witness
Meernik, J., & King, K. (2020) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002719883369 · Cited by 2
“…security consequence (Table 2).5 As trauma psychologists examining resilience in the face of adversity have found, we see that increased reliance on social support networks to handle trauma contributes to the reduction of negative security consequences (Panzarella, Alloy, and Whitehouse 2006).”
Background
Toward bridging the science and practice of depression prevention: What can we learn from cognitive vulnerability?
Bieling, P., & Grant, D. A. (2007) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cp2007021 · Cited by 3
Hopelessness Experience among Stroke Survivor in Semarang
Sawab, S., Bahrudin, M., & Daulima, N. H. C. (2015) · Jurnal NERS · doi:10.20473/jn.v10i12015.125-132 · Cited by 3
Hopelessness and Hopefulness: Risk and Resilience to Hopelessness Depression from the Perspective of Cognitive Style
Zhou, L., Jian, C. H. E. N., Lu, D., Xiaoqun, L. I. U., & Su, L. (2014) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2014.00977 · Cited by 2
“…& Hartlage, 1988)。无望必然会导致无望抑郁症状的发展 (Abramson et al., 1989)。无望理论用认知易感-压力模型解释个体无望的重要成因。Abramson 等(1989)在无望理论中指出个体的认知易感包含：(1)对消极生活事件的原因作稳定的、总体的归因和/或(2)推论消极事件会带来很多灾难化的后果和 /或(3)从消极的事件中推论出消极的自我价值。当个体知觉到压力生活事件发生时, 这些消极的认知方式/推理方式会增加其无望的风险, 进而导致无望抑郁症状的发展。从无望理论的特异性层面来看, 无望抑郁认知假设是指认知易感能预测事件特定…”
Resilience Unfiltered
Pacoma, A. J., Su, Y., & Genotiva, A. (2022) · Journal of Humanitarian Affairs · doi:10.7227/jha.078 · Cited by 2
Spirit of hope: Diminished hopelessness mediates the serial relation between spiritual experiences, reduced stress, and positive affect in transdiagnostic and healthy individuals
Ptasczynski, L. E., Haller, E., Küttner, A., Schöniger, K., Herrmann, R., Selle, J., Uhlig, M., Andreev, J., Fleischer, L., Brunner, L. M., et al. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118359 · Cited by 2
Incorporating an Ambient Agent to Support People with a Cognitive Vulnerability
Aziz, A. A., & Klein, M. C. A. (2012) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25691-2_7 · Cited by 2
AN AGENT BASED SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMICS IN COGNITIVE DEPRESSOGENIC THOUGHT
Aziz, A. A., & Klein, M. C. A. (2010) · International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART) · doi:10.5220/0002736102320237 · Cited by 2
“Hopelessness is defined by the expectation that desired outcome will not occur, or there is nothing one can do to make it right (Panzarella et al. 2006).”
Background
Relation between Depression, Family Support and Stress at Work in Undergraduates
Alves, G. A. D. S. (2014) · International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5923/j.ijpbs.20140401.02 · Cited by 2
“([12];[31]).”
Process Evaluation of a Psychosocial Intervention Addressing Women in a Disadvantaged Setting
Kobeissi, L. H., Nakkash, R. T., Ghantous, Z., Saad, M. A., Khoury, B. A., & Yassin, N. (2011) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v4n1p22 · Cited by 2
“…social support on disease (Targ & Levine, 2002; Telch & Telch, 1986; Fung & Chien, 2002, Manandhar et al., 2004; Bryce, Stanley & Graner, 1991; Panzarella et al., 2006; Lumley et al., 2006; Dennis, 2005; Constantino et al., 2005; Scheidlinger & Kahn, 2005; Wiggins, 2004) and mental health…”
The experiences of dealing with consequences of an avalanche – surviving soldiers’ perspectives
Bakker, L., Eriksen, S., Reichelt, J. G., & Grov, E. K. (2019) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2019.1689066 · Cited by 2
Terapie zaměřená na maladaptivní schémata: Teorie a praxe
Procházka, R. (2018) · doi:10.5507/ff.18.24453866 · Cited by 1
A proof of concept for Hopelessness Theory of Depression: attributions help explain why stressors in scientific research can exacerbate depression among undergraduates and graduates
Kahraman, M. A., Mohammed, T. F., Pigart, C. J., & Cooper, K. M. (2025) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-025-00560-4 · Cited by 1
“Interventions can help individuals adopt more adaptive attributional styles, improving their overall mental health (Panzarella et al., 2006; Wampold, 2007).”
Relationship Between Believed Causes of Depression and Social Distance
Tomsick, S. J. (2008) · EngagedScholarship @ Cleveland State University (Cleveland State University) · Cited by 1
Information Visualisation in a Peer Support Application
Heikkilä, A. (2012) · Cited by 1
In Between Hope and Hopelessness in Contemporary Spaces: A Case of E.S Segoete’s Novel, Monono ke Mohodi ke Mouwane (Riches are Short-lived)
Moeketsi, V. S. M. (2014) · Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/09718923.2014.11893299 · Cited by 1

Authors: Panzarella, C., Alloy, L. B., & Whitehouse, W. G.
Affiliations: Mental Health Association of Southeastern Pennsylvania (US)
Temple University (US)
Corresponding author: Panzarella, Catherine
ORCID: Alloy, Lauren B.
Venue: Cognitive Therapy and Research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-10-10
Volume: 30
Issue: 3
Pages: 307-333
ISSN: 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
1573-2819
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-006-9048-3
OpenAlex: W2084641719
Semantic Scholar: ce5de5a59b6e39eaee4bcb8416971fd065811c30
Cited by: 134
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 7.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
Funders: Temple University
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords: hopelessness theory of depression, social support, cognitive risk, stress, depressive symptoms, etiology of depression

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Expanded Hopelessness Theory of Depression: On the Mechanisms by which Social Support Protects Against Depression

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