The role of biochar, natural iron oxides, and nanomaterials as soil amendments for immobilizing metals in shooting range soil
Abstract
High concentration of toxic metals in military shooting range soils poses a significant environmental concern due to the potential release of metals, such as Pb, Cu, and Sb, and hence requires remediation. The current study examined the effectiveness of buffalo weed (Ambrosia trifida L.) biomass and its derived biochars at pyrolytic temperatures of 300 and 700 °C, natural iron oxides (NRE), gibbsite, and silver nanoparticles on metal immobilization together with soil quality after 1-year soil incubation. Destructive (e.g., chemical extractions) and non-destructive (e.g., molecular spectroscopy) methods were used to investigate the immobilization efficacy of each amendment on Pb, Cu, and Sb, and to explore the possible immobilization mechanisms. The highest immobilization efficacy was observed with biochar produced at 300 °C, showing the maximum decreases of bioavailability by 94 and 70% for Pb and Cu, respectively, which were attributed to the abundance of functional groups in the biochar. Biochar significantly increased the soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and P contents. Indeed, the scanning electron microscopic elemental dot mapping and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic (EXAFS) studies revealed associations of Pb with P (i.e., the formation of stable chloropyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl]) in the biomass- or biochar-amended soils. However, no amendment was effective on Sb immobilization.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Applying gibbsite to contaminated soil significantly reduced NH4OAc-extractable Pb.
“Rajapaksha et al. (2015) observed significant reduction in NH 4 OAc-extractable Pb after applying gibbsite to contaminated soil.”
From Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review (2020) · cites this paper as Rajapaksha et al., 2015
Incorporation of inorganic amendments with organic amendments such as biochar showed enhanced PTE immobilization efficiency.
“However, in addition to inorganic amendments (e.g., metal oxides) alone, incorporation with organic amendments such as biochar showed enhanced PTE immobilization efficiency (Rajapaksha et al., 2015).”
From Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review (2020) · cites this paper as Rajapaksha et al., 2015
Gibbsite did not effectively immobilize Cu.
“However, gibbsite did not effectively immobilize Cu.”
From Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review (2020) · cites this paper as Rajapaksha et al., 2015
Cites
Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003 · Cited by 23,522 · see citing works
ATHENA , ARTEMIS , HEPHAESTUS : data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT
Ravel, B., & Newville, M. G. (2005) · Journal of Synchrotron Radiation · doi:10.1107/s0909049505012719 · Cited by 16,981 · see citing works
Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986) · Soil Science Society of America book series · doi:10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c15 · Cited by 8,834 · see citing works
Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review
Ahmad, M., Rajapaksha, A. U., Lim, J. E., Zhang, M., Bolan, N., Mohan, D., Vithanage, M., Lee, S. S., & Ok, Y. S. (2014) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071 · Cited by 4,662 · see citing works
Self-citationRemediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils – To mobilize or to immobilize?
Bolan, N. S., Kunhikrishnan, A., Thangarajan, R., Kumpienė, J., Park, J., Makino, T., Kirkham, M. B., & Scheckel, K. G. (2013) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.018 · Cited by 2,058 · see citing works
Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment
Chan, K. Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., & Joseph, S. (2007) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr07109 · Cited by 1,902 · see citing works
Gee, G. W., & Or, D. (2002) · Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) · Cited by 1,542 · see citing works
Remediation technologies for metal-contaminated soils and groundwater: An evaluation
Mulligan, C. N., Yong, R. N., & Gibbs, B. F. (2001) · Engineering Geology · doi:10.1016/s0013-7952(00)00101-0 · Cited by 1,521 · see citing works
Weil, R. R., Islam, K. R., Stine, M. A., Gruver, J. B., & Samson-Liebig, S. E. (2003) · American Journal of Alternative Agriculture · doi:10.1079/ajaa200228 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Role of organic amendments on enhanced bioremediation of heavy metal (loid) contaminated soils
Park, J. H., Lamb, D., Paneerselvam, P., Choppala, G., Bolan, N., & Chung, J.-W. (2011) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.082 · Cited by 936 · see citing works
Islam, K. R., Stine, M. A., Gruver, J. B., Samson‐Liebig, S., & Weil, R. R. (2003) · Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems · doi:10.1079/ajaa2003003 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
Role of assisted natural remediation in environmental cleanup
Adriano, D. C., Wenzel, W. W., Vangronsveld, J., & Bolan, N. S. (2004) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.003 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Nanotechnology and in Situ Remediation: A Review of the Benefits and Potential Risks
Karn, B., Kuiken, T., & Otto, M. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0900793 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
JASTROW, J. D., Amonette, J. E., & Bailey, V. (2006) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-006-9178-3 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Simultaneous immobilization of lead and atrazine in contaminated soils using dairy-manure biochar
Cao, X., Ma, L., Liang, Y., Gao, B., & Harris, W. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es103752u · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Lead Immobilization from Aqueous Solutions and Contaminated Soils Using Phosphate Rocks
Ma, Q. Y., Logan, T. J., & Traina, S. J. (1995) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es00004a034 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Antimony in the environment: knowns and unknowns
Filella, M., Williams, P. A., & Belzile, N. (2009) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en09007 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Ahmad, M., Lee, S. S., Yang, J. E., Ro, H., Lee, Y. H., & Ok, Y. S. (2012) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.01.003 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Self-citationAhmad, M., Lee, S. S., Lim, J. E., Lee, S.-E., Cho, J. S., Moon, D. H., Hashimoto, Y., & Ok, Y. S. (2014) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.077 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationRetention of Heavy Metals by Carboxyl Functional Groups of Biochars in Small Arms Range Soil
Uchimiya, M., Bannon, D. I., & Wartelle, L. H. (2012) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf2047898 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Role of Phosphorus in (Im)mobilization and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in the Soil-Plant System
Bolan, N. S., Adriano, D. C., & Naidu, R. (2003) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/0-387-21725-8_1 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Porter, S. K., Scheckel, K. G., Impellitteri, C. A., & Ryan, J. A. (2004) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643380490492412 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Soil lead bioavailability and in situ remediation of lead‐contaminated soils: A review
Hettiarachchi, G. M., & Pierzynski, G. M. (2004) · Environmental Progress · doi:10.1002/ep.10004 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Heavy metal adsorption by a formulated zeolite-Portland cement mixture
Ok, Y. S., Yang, J., ZHANG, Y., Kim, S. C., & CHUNG, D. (2006) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.046 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationMethods of soil analysis. Part 4, Physical methods
Topp, C.-E. J. H. D. A. G. C. (2016) · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Ahmad, M., Hashimoto, Y., Moon, D. H., Lee, S. S., & Ok, Y. S. (2012) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.047 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Biosolids Processing on Lead Bioavailability in an Urban Soil
Brown, S. L., Chaney, R. L., Hallfrisch, J. G., & Xue, Q. (2003) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2003.1000 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Lead transformation and distribution in the soils of shooting ranges in Florida, USA
Cao, X., MA, L., Chen, M., et al. (2003) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00543-0 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Ameliorants to immobilize Cd in rice paddy soils contaminated by abandoned metal mines in Korea
Ok, Y. S., Kim, S. C., Kim, D.-K., et al. (2010) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-010-9364-0 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationImmobilization of lead in contaminated firing range soil using biochar
Moon, D. H., Park, J., Chang, Y. Y., Ok, Y. S., Lee, S. S., Ahmad, M., Koutsospyros, A. D., Park, J., & Baek, K. (2013) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-013-1964-7 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationNanotechnology and in situ remediation: a review of the benefits and potential risks
Karn, B., Kuiken, T., & Otto, M. (2010) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/s1413-81232011000100020 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Vithanage, M. S., Rajapaksha, A. U., Dou, X., Bolan, N. S., Yang, J. E., & Ok, Y. S. (2013) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2013.05.053 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationAhmad, M., Moon, D. H., Vithanage, M. S., Koutsospyros, A. D., Lee, S. S., Yang, J. E., Lee, S., Jeon, C., & Ok, Y. S. (2013) · Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1002/jctb.4157 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationAntimony (Sb) Contaminated Shooting Range Soil: Sb Mobility and Immobilization by Soil Amendments
Okkenhaug, G., Amstaetter, K., Bue, H. L., Cornelissen, G., Breedveld, G. D., Henriksen, T., & MULDER, J. P. M. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es302448k · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Cao, X., Dermatas, D., Xu, X., & Shen, G. (2007) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1065/espr2007.05.416 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Lim, J. E., Ahmad, M., Lee, S. S., Shope, C. L., Hashimoto, Y., Kim, K., Usman, A. R. A., Yang, J. E., & Ok, Y. S. (2013) · CLEAN - Soil Air Water · doi:10.1002/clen.201200169 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationKlitzke, S., & Lang, F. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0239 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Arsenic and copper stabilisation in a contaminated soil by coal fly ash and green waste compost
Tsang, D. C. W., Yip, A. C. K., Olds, W. E., & Weber, P. A. (2014) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3032-3 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Pb speciation versus TCLP release in army firing range soils
Dermatas, D., Shen, G., Chrysochoou, M., Grubb, D. G., Menounou, N., & Dutko, P. (2006) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.009 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Ahmad, M., Moon, D. H., Lim, K. J., Shope, C. L., Lee, S. S., Usman, A. R. A., Kim, K.-R., Park, J., Hur, S.-O., Yang, J. E., et al. (2012) · Environmental Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12665-012-1550-1 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationChemical Changes in Agricultural Soils of Korea: Data Review and Suggested Countermeasures
Jo, I. S., & Koh, M.-H. (2004) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1023/b:egah.0000039573.05245.cc · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Moon, D. H., Park, J., Cheong, K.-H., et al. (2013) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-013-9528-9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Rajapaksha, A. U., Vithanage, M. S., Jayarathna, L., et al. (2011) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.021 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationNanogibbsite: Synthesis and characterization
Kumara, C., Ng, W. J., Bandara, A., et al. (2010) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2010.08.083 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Arsenic binding mechanisms on natural red earth: A potential substrate for pollution control
Vithanage, M. S., Senevirathna, W., Chandrajith, R., et al. (2006) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.03.045 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationNatural and synthesised iron-rich amendments for As and Pb immobilisation in agricultural soil
Almaroai, Y. A., Vithanage, M. S., Rajapaksha, A. U., Lee, S. S., Dou, X., Lee, Y. H., Sung, J.-K., & Ok, Y. S. (2014) · Chemistry and Ecology · doi:10.1080/02757540.2013.861826 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationAlqudami, A., Alhemiary, N. A., & Munassar, S. (2012) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-012-0788-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cao, X., & Dermatas, D. (2008) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-007-0110-8 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Synthesis of Crystalline Ag Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Microorganisms
Sharma, S., Ahmad, N., Prakash, A., et al. (2010) · Materials Sciences and Applications · doi:10.4236/msa.2010.11001 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Vibrational spectroscopic study of the mineral tsumebite Pb2Cu(PO4,SO4)(OH)
Frost, R. L., & Palmer, S. J. (2011) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2011.05.058 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hashimoto, Y. (2013) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.095 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Palansooriya, K. N., Shaheen, S. M., Chen, S. S., Tsang, D. C. W., Hashimoto, Y., Hou, D., Bolan, N. S., Rinklebe, J., & Ok, Y. S. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105046 · Cited by 1,272 · see citing works
Self-citationBiochar application to low fertility soils: A review of current status, and future prospects
El-Naggar, A., Lee, S. S., Rinklebe, J., Farooq, M., Song, H., Sarmah, A. K., Zimmerman, A. R., Ahmad, M., Shaheen, S. M., & Ok, Y. S. (2019) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.034 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
Self-citationBiochar for crop production: potential benefits and risks
Hussain, M., Farooq, M., Nawaz, A., Al-Sadi, A. M., Solaiman, Z. M., Alghamdi, S. S., Ammara, U., Ok, Y. S., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2017) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-016-1360-2 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Self-citationRizwan, M., Ali, S., Qayyum, M. F., Ibrahim, M., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Abbas, T., & Ok, Y. S. (2016) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5697-7 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances and future directions of biochar characterization methods and applications
Igalavithana, A. D., Mandal, S., Niazi, N. K., Vithanage, M., Parikh, S. J., Mukome, F. N. D., Rizwan, M., Oleszczuk, P., Al-Wabel, M., Bolan, N., et al. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2017.1421844 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, X., Igalavithana, A. D., Oh, S.-E., Nam, H., Zhang, M., Wang, C.-H., Kwon, E. E., Tsang, D. C. W., & Ok, Y. S. (2018) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.298 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationOustriere, N., Marchand, L., Galland, W., Gabbon, L., Lottier, N., Motelica, M., & Mench, M. (2016) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.091 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Li, J., Wang, S.-L., Zheng, L., Chen, D., Wu, Z., Xie, Y., Wu, W., Niazi, N. K., Ok, Y. S., Rinklebe, J., et al. (2019) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.05.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rajapaksha, A. U., Ahmad, M., Vithanage, M., Kim, K.-R., Chang, J. Y., Lee, S. S., & Ok, Y. S.
- Affiliations
- Kangwon National University (KR)
- King Saud University (SA)
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies (LK)
- Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (KR)
- Ministry of Environment (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Sang Soo
- Ok, Yong Sik
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Geochemistry and Health
- Published
- 2015-03-21
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 931-942
- ISSN
- 0269-4042 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2983
- OpenAlex
- W1997334649
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 8.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Environmental Geochemistry and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Keywords
- biochar, natural iron oxides, gibbsite, silver nanoparticles, metal immobilization, shooting range soils, lead, copper, antimony, pyrolysis temperature, soil amendment, soil remediation, metal bioavailability
- MeSH terms
- Antimony, Charcoal, Copper, Ferric Compounds, Lead, Minerals, Phosphates, Phosphorus, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Biomass, Ambrosia, Nanostructures, Environmental Restoration and Remediation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
