Cited by 291Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removalHeavy metals in environmentEnvironmental remediation with nanomaterials

Retention of Heavy Metals by Carboxyl Functional Groups of Biochars in Small Arms Range Soil

Uchimiya, Minori, Bannon, Desmond I., Wartelle, Lynda H.·2012·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Abstract

Long-term effectiveness of biochar for heavy metal stabilization depends upon biochar's sorptive property and recalcitrance in soil. To understand the role of carboxyl functional groups on heavy metal stabilization, cottonseed hull biochar and flax shive steam-activated biochar having a low O/C ratio (0.04-0.06) and high fixed carbon content (~80% dry weight basis) were oxidized using concentrated H(2)SO(4)/HNO(3) and 30% HNO(3). Oxidized and unoxidized biochars were characterized for O/C ratio, total acidity, pH, moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectral features. Characterized biochars were amended (2%, 5%, 10%, and 20% in grams of biochar per gram of soil) on a sandy, slightly acidic (pH 6.27) heavy metal contaminated small arms range soil fraction (<250 μm) having low total organic carbon (0.518%) and low cation exchange capacity (0.95 cmol(c) kg(-1)). Oxidized biochars rich in carboxyl functional groups exhibited significantly greater Pb, Cu, and Zn stabilization ability compared to unoxidized biochars, especially in pH 4.9 acetate buffer (standard solution for the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure). Oppositely, only oxidized biochars caused desorption of Sb, indicating a counteracting impact of carboxyl functional groups on the solubility of anions and cations. The results suggested that appropriate selection of biochar oxidant will produce recalcitrant biochars rich in carboxyl functional groups for a long-term heavy metal stabilization strategy in contaminated soils.

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Crossref · 10.1021/jf2047898

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  • Acid oxidation of biochar increases the O/C ratio and total acidities of biochar.

    “Therefore, acid oxidation of biochar increases the O/C ratio and total acidities of biochar (Uchimiya et al. 2012).”

    From Modified biochar: synthesis and mechanism for removal of environmental heavy metals (2022) · cites this paper as Uchimiya et al. 2012

  • In alkaline soil with high clay content and acidic soil with erosion, the sorption mechanism of Cu(II) ions by biochar is mainly electrostatic sorption, and the mechanism of action is surface complexation and precipitation of functional groups and free π electrons on the surface of carbon materials and Cu(II) ions.

    “When biochar was added to alkaline soil with high clay content and acidic soil with erosion, it showed that the sorption mechanism of Cu(II) ions in the soil by biochar was mainly electrostatic sorption, and the mechanism of action was the surface complexation and precipitation of functional groups and free π electrons on the surface of carbon materials and Cu(”

    From Modified biochar: synthesis and mechanism for removal of environmental heavy metals (2022) · cites this paper as Uchimiya et al. 2012

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Authors
Uchimiya, M., Bannon, D. I., & Wartelle, L. H.
Affiliations
  • Southern Regional Research Center (US)
  • United States Army (US)
Corresponding author
Uchimiya, Minori
Venue
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Published
2012-02-08
Volume
60
Issue
7
Pages
1798-1809
ISSN
  • 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5118
OpenAlex
W2322288529
Cited by
291
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 5
FWCI
15.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
Keywords
biochar, carboxyl groups, heavy metal immobilization, soil amendment, steam activation, lead, copper, zinc, antimony, metal desorption, soil contamination
MeSH terms
Adsorption, Charcoal, Firearms, Oxidation-Reduction, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Solubility, Oxidants, Metals, Heavy

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