Speciation and phytoavailability of lead and antimony in a small arms range soil amended with mussel shell, cow bone and biochar: EXAFS spectroscopy and chemical extractions
Abstract
Mussel shell (MS), cow bone (CB) and biochar (BC) were selected to immobilize metals in an army firing range soil. Amendments were applied at 5% (wt) and their efficacies were determined after 175 d. For metal phytoavailability test, maize (Zea mays L.) plants were cultivated for 3weeks. Results showed that all amendments decreased the exchangeable Pb by up to 99% in planted/unplanted soils. Contrarily, exchangeable Sb were increased in the MS- and CB-amended soils. The rise in soil pH (~1 unit) by the amendments affected Pb and Sb mobility in soils. Bioavailability of Pb to maize was reduced by up to 71% in the amended soils. The Sb uptake to maize was decreased by up to 53.44% in the BC-amended soil. Sequential chemical extractions showed the transformation of easily available Pb to stable residual form with the amendment treatments. Scanning electron microscopic elemental dot mapping revealed the Pb association with Al and Si in the MS-amended soil and that with P in the CB- and BC-amended soils. Additionally, the extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic analysis indicated the transformation of organic bound Pb in unamended control soil to relatively more stable Pb-hydroxide (Ksp=10(-17.1)), chloropyromorphite (Ksp=10(-84.4)) and Pb-phosphate (Ksp=10(-23.8)) in soils amended with MS, CB and BC, respectively. Application of BC was the best in decreasing the phytoavailability of Pb and Sb in the studied army firing range soil.
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High-temperature biochar is characterized by lower contents of H- and O-containing functional groups due to dehydration and deoxygenation of biomass.
“it is characterized by lower contents of H-and O-containing functional groups due to dehydration and deoxygenation of the biomass”
From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Ahmad et al. 2014a
Biochars have a carbonized and a non-carbonized fraction, which may interact with soil contaminants through oxygen-containing carboxyl, phenolic, hydroxyl and lactonic surface functional groups.
“Biochars have a carbonized and a non-carbonized fraction, which may interact with soil contaminants through oxygen-containing carboxyl, phenolic, hydroxyl and lactonic surface functional groups (Ahmad et al. 2014a).”
From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Ahmad et al. 2014a
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Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review
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“As a result, the structure of biochar appears to have more organized C layers (like graphene structure) and less content of surface functional groups when pyrolysis temperature increases (Ahmad et al. 2014b).”
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- Authors
- Ahmad, M., Lee, S. S., Lim, J. E., Lee, S.-E., Cho, J. S., Moon, D. H., Hashimoto, Y., & Ok, Y. S.
- Affiliations
- Kangwon National University (KR)
- Sunchon National University (KR)
- Chosun University (KR)
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (JP)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ok, Yong Sik
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 95
- Pages
- 433-441
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2036163101
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 15.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23681013)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- lead, antimony, metal immobilization, soil amendment, mussel shell, cow bone, biochar, phytoavailability, metal speciation, soil pH, sequential extraction, EXAFS, lead hydroxide, lead phosphate
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antimony, Bone and Bones, Cattle, Charcoal, Lead, Soil, Soil Pollutants, X-Rays, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Animal Shells
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