Cited by 264Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild Nutrition and Feeding IssuesGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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Sex Differences in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Carter, Alice S., Black, David O., Tewani, Sonia, Connolly, Christine E., Kadlec, Mary Beth, Tager-Flusberg, Helen·2007·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0331-7

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Abstract

Although autism spectrum disorders (ASD) prevalence is higher in males than females, few studies address sex differences in developmental functioning or clinical manifestations. Participants in this study of sex differences in developmental profiles and clinical symptoms were 22 girls and 68 boys with ASD (mean age = 28 months). All children achieved strongest performance in visual reception and fine motor followed by gross motor and language functioning. Sex differences emerged in developmental profiles. Controlling for language, girls achieved higher visual reception scores than boys; boys attained higher language and motor scores and higher social-competence ratings than girls, particularly when controlling for visual reception. Longitudinal, representative studies are needed to elucidate the developmental and etiological significance of the observed sex differences.

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Authors: Carter, A. S., Black, D. O., Tewani, S., Connolly, C. E., Kadlec, M. B., & Tager-Flusberg, H.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Corresponding author: Carter, Alice S.
ORCID: Carter, Alice S.
Tager-Flusberg, Helen
Venue: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2007-01-10
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 86-97
ISSN: 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
1573-3432
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-006-0331-7
OpenAlex: W2002767599
Cited by: 262
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 4.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (U54MH066398)
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR0053)
NIH Clinical Center
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, sex differences, toddlers, developmental profile, visual reception, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, language development, social competence, clinical symptoms
MeSH terms: Affect, Autistic Disorder, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Empathy, Female, Humans, Infant, Language Disorders, Male, Mass Screening, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Motor Skills Disorders

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Sex Differences in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders

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