The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sex Differences in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Abstract
Although autism spectrum disorders (ASD) prevalence is higher in males than females, few studies address sex differences in developmental functioning or clinical manifestations. Participants in this study of sex differences in developmental profiles and clinical symptoms were 22 girls and 68 boys with ASD (mean age = 28 months). All children achieved strongest performance in visual reception and fine motor followed by gross motor and language functioning. Sex differences emerged in developmental profiles. Controlling for language, girls achieved higher visual reception scores than boys; boys attained higher language and motor scores and higher social-competence ratings than girls, particularly when controlling for visual reception. Longitudinal, representative studies are needed to elucidate the developmental and etiological significance of the observed sex differences.
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“Age-equivalent scores are calibrated in months and are more sensitive to the low performance common in ASD samples than standard scores [17, 30].”
From Early sex differences are not autism-specific: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium (BSRC) study (2015) · cites this paper as [30]
Citations
Cites
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BackgroundPrevalence of Autism in a US Metropolitan Area
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Carter, A. S., & Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2006). Manual for the Infant-Toddler Social & Emotional Assessment (ITSEA)—Version 2. San Antonio, Texas: Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Press.
- Schopler, E., Reichler, R., & Renner, B. R. (1986). The Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS) for diagnostic screening and classification of autism. New York: Irvington.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders
Werling, D. M., & Geschwind, D. H. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32835ee548 · Cited by 1,245
Sex/Gender Differences and Autism: Setting the Scene for Future Research
Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M. V., Auyeung, B., Chakrabarti, B., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.003 · Cited by 1,120
Mandy, W., Chilvers, R., Chowdhury, U., Salter, G., Seigal, A., & Skuse, D. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1356-0 · Cited by 715
A behavioral comparison of male and female adults with high functioning autism spectrum conditions
Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M. V., Pasco, G., Ruigrok, A. N. V., Wheelwright, S. J., Sadek, S. A., Chakrabarti, B., MRC AIMS Consortium, & Baron-Cohen, S. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020835 · Cited by 650
Shattuck, P. T., Durkin, M., Maenner, M., Newschaffer, C., Mandell, D. S., Wiggins, L., Lee, L.-C., Rice, C., Giarelli, E., Kirby, R., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31819b3848 · Cited by 623
Metadata
- Authors
- Carter, A. S., Black, D. O., Tewani, S., Connolly, C. E., Kadlec, M. B., & Tager-Flusberg, H.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carter, Alice S.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2007-01-10
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 86-97
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2002767599
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (U54MH066398)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR0053)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, sex differences, toddlers, developmental profile, visual reception, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, language development, social competence, clinical symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Autistic Disorder, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Empathy, Female, Humans, Infant, Language Disorders, Male, Mass Screening, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Motor Skills Disorders
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