How Does Relaxing the Algorithm for Autism Affect DSM-V Prevalence Rates?
Abstract
Although it is still unclear what causes autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), over time researchers and clinicians have become more precise with detecting and diagnosing ASD. Many diagnoses, however, are based on the criteria established within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM); thus, any change in these diagnostic criteria can have a great effect upon children with ASD and their families. It is predicted that the prevalence of ASD diagnoses will dramatically decrease with the adoption of the proposed DSM-5 criteria in 2013. The aim of this current study was to inspect the changes in prevalence first using a diagnostic criteria set which was modified slightly from the DSM-5 criteria (Modified-1 criteria) and again using a set of criteria which was relaxed even a bit more (Modified-2 criteria). Modified-1 resulted in 33.77 % fewer toddlers being diagnosed with ASD compared to the DSM-IV, while Modified-2 resulted in only a 17.98 % decrease in ASD diagnoses. Children diagnosed with the DSM-5 criteria exhibited the greatest levels of autism symptomatology, but the Mod-1, Mod-2, and DSM-IV groups still demonstrated significant impairments. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Earlier studies consisted of patients who were already carrying a diagnostic label and were tried to be fit into DSM-5 ASD criteria.
“Earlier studies [17,18,20,26,44] consisted of patients who were already carrying a diagnostic label and were tried to be fit into DSM-5 ASD criteria.”
Cites
Wing, L., & Gould, J. (1979) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531288 · Cited by 2,587 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For some time, the disorder has been considered to be on a continuum and has been defined by a triad of impairments: impaired social interaction, compromised social communication and restricted or repetitive behavior (Gould 1982; Wing 1981; Wing and Gould 1979).”
Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A. (2001) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1010738829569 · Cited by 1,563 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Caregivers report ''yes'' or ''no'' to 23 questions regarding the child's typical functioning (Robins et al. 2001).”
InfluentialSensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder
McPartland, J. C., Reichow, B., & Volkmar, F. R. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.01.007 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Validation of Proposed DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Frazier, T. W., Youngstrom, E. A., Speer, L., Embacher, R., Law, P., Constantino, J., Findling, R. L., Hardan, A. Y., & Eng, C. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.09.021 · Cited by 392 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Frazier et al. (2012) conclude that phase II testing of DSM-5 should consider a relaxed algorithm, which may improve specificity of ASD identification over the DSM-IV-TR without missing as many affected individuals as the unmodified proposal.”
Autism spectrum disorders in the DSM-V: better or worse than the DSM-IV?
Wing, L., Gould, J., & Gillberg, C. (2011) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.11.003 · Cited by 359 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Wing et al. (2011) and others have questioned the nature and magnitude of the proposed modifications to the diagnostic criteria, fearing that some individuals with autism may be unrecognized or misdiagnosed under the new manual.”
BackgroundDSM-IV vs DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for toddlers with Autism
Matson, J. L., Kozlowski, A. M., Hattier, M. A., Horovitz, M., & Sipes, M. (2012) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3109/17518423.2012.672341 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationMatson, J. L., Belva, B. C., Horovitz, M., Kozlowski, A. M., & Bamburg, J. W. (2012) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-012-9278-0 · Cited by 92 · cited 1× · see citing works
“While these rates may still have adverse effects on some children with an ASD diagnosis and their families, these changes are much less dramatic than currently proposed DSM -5 criteria (Matson, Kozlowski et al. 2012; McPartland et al. 2012; Worley and Matson 2012).”
Self-citationBrief Report: Should the DSM V Drop Asperger Syndrome?
Ghaziuddin, M. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0969-z · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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Subgrouping the Autism Spectrum: Reflections on DSM-5
Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M. V., Chakrabarti, B., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2013) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001544 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
“A series of studies testing the initial [5] and revised draft ASD criteria [6–12] showed increased specificity but decreased sensitivity of the DSM-5 draft compared to DSM-IV, and suggested relaxation of the threshold (e.”
Potential Impact of<i>DSM-5</i>Criteria on Autism Spectrum Disorder Prevalence Estimates
Maenner, M. J., Rice, C. E., Arneson, C. L., Cunniff, C., Schieve, L. A., Carpenter, L. A., Van Naarden Braun, K., Kirby, R. S., Bakian, A. V., & Durkin, M. S. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.3893 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Romero, M., Aguilar, J. M., Del-Rey-Mejías, Á., Mayoral, F., Rapado, M., Peciña, M., Barbancho, M. Á., Ruiz-Veguilla, M., & Lara, J. P. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2016.03.001 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Sensitivity and Specificity of Proposed DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers
Barton, M. L., Robins, D. L., Jashar, D., Brennan, L., & Fein, D. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1817-8 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Investigating interoception and body awareness in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder
Fiene, L., & Brownlow, C. (2015) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1486 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Visser, J. C., Rommelse, N., Vink, L., Schrieken, M., Oosterling, I. J., van der Gaag, R. J., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1678-6 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Autism Severity as a Predictor of Comorbid Conditions
Jang, J., & Matson, J. L. (2015) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-015-9421-9 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of DSM-5 on epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Tsai, L. Y. (2014) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.016 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Sturmey, P., & Dalfern, S. (2014) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-014-0016-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Self-citationKalra, P., Arun, P., Chavan, B. S., & Gupta, N. (2021) · Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1177/0973134220210103 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Matson, J. L., Hattier, M. A., & Williams, L. W.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Matson, Johnny L.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2012-06-26
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1549-1556
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2121044970
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 9.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, autism prevalence, DSM-IV, autism symptomatology, toddlers, diagnostic criteria revision
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Prevalence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Checklist
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