Racial, ethnic, and sex disparities in atrial fibrillation management: rate and rhythm control
Open accessAbstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects around 6 million Americans. AF management involves pharmacologic therapy and/or interventional procedures to control rate and rhythm, as well as anticoagulation for stroke prevention. Different populations may respond differently to distinct management strategies. This review will describe disparities in rate and rhythm control and their impact on outcomes among women and historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups. Methods This is a narrative review exploring the topic of sex and racial and/or ethnic disparities in rate and rhythm management of AF. We describe basic terminology, summarize AF epidemiology, discuss diversity in clinical research, and review landmark clinical trials. Results Despite having higher rates of traditional AF risk factors, Black and Hispanic adults have lower risk of AF than non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients, although those with AF experience more severe symptoms and report lower quality-of-life scores than NHW patients with AF. NHW patients receive antiarrhythmic drugs, cardioversions, and invasive therapies more frequently than Black and Hispanic patients. Women have lower rates of AF than men, but experience more severe symptoms, heart failure, stroke, and death after AF diagnosis. Women and people from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds are inadequately represented in AF trials; prevalence findings may be a result of underdetection. Conclusion Race, ethnicity, and gender are social determinants of health that may impact the prevalence, evolution, and management of AF. This impact reflects differences in biology as well as disparities in treatment and representation in clinical trials.
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The highest incidence of AF is observed in the Caucasian population compared to other racial groups.
“Finally, studies indicate that the highest incidence of AF is observed in the Caucasian population compared to other racial groups [33,34].”
From Atrial Fibrillation in Elite Athletes: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature (2024) · cites this paper as [34]
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Ablation Versus Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Racial and Ethnic Minorities
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Racial Disparities in the Use of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter
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Gender differences in complications following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
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Yunus, F. N., Perino, A. C., Holmes, D. N., Matsouaka, R., Curtis, A. B., Ellenbogen, K. A., Frankel, D. S., Knight, B. P., Russo, A. M., Lewis, W. R., et al. (2021) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.121.009790 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationMannina, C. M., Jin, Z., Matsumoto, K., Ito, K., BIVIANO, A. B., Elkind, M. S. V., Rundek, T., Homma, S., Sacco, R. L., & Tullio, M. R. D. (2021) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.05.006 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Atrial fibrillation in pregnancy: a growing challenge
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Bridging the gender gap in atrial fibrillation
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Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Symptoms in the REGARDS Study
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Access to digital health technologies: personalized framework and global perspectives
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“Finally, studies indicate that the highest incidence of AF is observed in the Caucasian population compared to other racial groups [33,34].”
BackgroundGender and race-related disparities in the management of ventricular arrhythmias
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- Authors
- Gomez, S. E., Fazal, M., Nunes, J. C., Shah, S., Perino, A. C., Narayan, S. M., Tamirisa, K. P., Han, J. K., Rodriguez, F., & Baykaner, T.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baykaner, Tina
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology
- Published
- 2022-10-13
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1279-1290
- ISSN
- 1383-875X (ISSN-L)
- 1572-8595
- PMC
- PMC10097842
- OpenAlex
- W4304762580
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K24HL103800, R01HL083359, K01HL144607, K23HL145017, R01HL149134, R01HL122384)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Keywords
- atrial fibrillation, racial and ethnic disparities, sex disparities, rate control, rhythm control, antiarrhythmic drugs, cardioversion, underrepresentation in clinical trials, social determinants of health, stroke risk, quality of life, Black patients, Hispanic patients, women
- MeSH terms
- White, Adult, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Atrial Fibrillation, Black or African American, Ethnicity, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, United States, Stroke, Healthcare Disparities
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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