Insulin resistance: a connecting link between Alzheimer's disease and metabolic disorder
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely linked with insulin resistance, as seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin signaling is impaired in AD brains due to insulin resistance, ultimately resulting in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). AD and T2DM are connected at molecular, clinical, and epidemiological levels making it imperative to understand the contribution of T2DM, and other metabolic disorders, to AD pathogenesis. In this review, we have discussed various modalities involved in the pathogenesis of these two diseases and explained the contributing parameters. Insulin is vital for maintaining glucose homeostasis and it plays an important role in regulating inflammation. Here, we have discussed the roles of various contributing factors like miRNA, leptin hormone, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and gangliosides in insulin impairment both in AD and T2DM. Understanding these mechanisms will be a big step forward for making molecular therapies that may help maintain or prevent both AD and T2DM, thus reducing the burden of both these diseases.
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There is a potential link between AD and insulin resistance, with decreased key insulin signaling proteins and increased insulin resistance markers in the brains of AD mice.
“Recent studies have suggested a potential link between AD and insulin resistance, which exhibits a decreased level of key insulin signaling proteins and an increased level of insulin resistance markers in the brains of AD mice (Craft et al., 1998; Arnold et al., 2018; Kshirsagar et al., 2021).”
From AD-Like Neuropsychiatric Dysfunction in a Mice Model Induced by a Combination of High-Fat Diet and Intraperitoneal Injection of Streptozotocin (2024) · cites this paper as Kshirsagar et al., 2021
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- Authors
- Kshirsagar, V., Thingore, C., & Juvekar, A.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Chemical Technology (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Juvekar, Archana
- Venue
- Metabolic Brain Disease
- Published
- 2020-09-28
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-83
- ISSN
- 0885-7490 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7365
- OpenAlex
- W3089232237
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Metabolic Brain Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- All India Council for Technical Education
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, insulin signaling, neurofibrillary tangles, glucose homeostasis, neuroinflammation, microRNA, leptin, metabolic dysfunction, gangliosides, pathogenesis, molecular therapy
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Glucose, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Diseases, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Neurofibrillary Tangles, Oxidative Stress
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