Nitrogen, phosphorus and high CO2 modulate photosynthesis, biomass and lipid production in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris
Abstract
Climate change could impact nutrient bioavailability in aquatic environment. To understand the interaction of nutrient bioavailability and elevated CO 2, Chlorella vulgaris cells were grown in ambient air or 5% CO 2 in different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in a photobioreactor. The chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and respiration rates increased in 5% CO 2 to support higher biomass production. The nutrient limitation in the growth media resulted in reduced photosynthetic rates of the algal cells and their PSI, PSII, and whole chain electron transport rates and biomass production. Conversely, their lipid content increased partly due to upregulation of expression of several lipid biosynthesis genes. The order of downregulation of photosynthesis and upregulation in lipid production due to nutrient limitation was in the order of N > P. The N-50 and 5% CO 2 culture had only 10% reduction in biomass and 32% increase in lipids having 85% saturated fat required for efficient biofuel production. This growth condition is ideal for generation of biodiesel required to reduce the consumption of fossil fuel and combat global warming.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT Method
Livak, K. J., & Schmittgen, T. D. (2001) · Methods · doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262 · Cited by 180,860 · see citing works
A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION
Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J. (1959) · Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1139/o59-099 · Cited by 54,751 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Extraction of lipid from the dried biomass was done following the protocol of binary solvents using chloroform and methanol according to Bligh and Dyer (1959).”
MethodA RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION
Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J. (1959) · Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1139/y59-099 · Cited by 23,189 · see citing works
Chisti, Y. (2007) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001 · Cited by 9,524 · see citing works
Wellburn, A. R. (1994) · Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81192-2 · Cited by 5,904 · see citing works
(1978) · Biochemical Education · doi:10.1016/0307-4412(78)90049-3 · Cited by 5,073 · see citing works
Microalgae as a raw material for biofuels production
Gouveia, L., & Oliveira, A. C. (2009) · Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10295-008-0495-6 · Cited by 1,284 · see citing works
Li, Y., Horsman, M., Wu, N., Lan, C. Q., & Dubois‐Calero, N. (2008) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1021/bp070371k · Cited by 1,134 · see citing works
Xin, L., Hong-ying, H., Ke, G., & Ying-xue, S. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.016 · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Melis, A., Zhang, L., Forestier, M., Ghirardi, M. L., & Seibert, M. (2000) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.122.1.127 · Cited by 1,110 · see citing works
Extraction of chlorophyll a from freshwater phytoplankton for spectrophotometric analysis
Sartory, D. P., & Grobbelaar, J. U. (1984) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/bf00031869 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Tang, D., Han, W., Li, P., Miao, X., & Zhong, J. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.047 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
Lipid accumulation and CO2 utilization of Nannochloropsis oculata in response to CO2 aeration
Chiu, S.-Y., Kao, C.-Y., Tsai, M.-T., Ong, S.-C., Chen, C.-H., & Lin, C.-S. (2009) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.061 · Cited by 825 · see citing works
Melis, A. (1999) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(99)01387-4 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Pancha, I., Chokshi, K., George, B., Ghosh, T., Paliwal, C., Maurya, R., & Mishra, S. (2014) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.025 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
EFFECT OF NUTRIENT LIMITATION ON FATTY ACID AND LIPID CONTENT OF MARINE MICROALGAE1
Reitan, K. I., Rainuzzo, J. R., & Ôlsen, Y. (1994) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1994.00972.x · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Enhanced lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris by adjustment of cultivation conditions
Lv, J.-M., Cheng, L., Xu, X., Zhang, L., & Chen, H. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.120 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Biological hydrogen production: prospects and challenges
Lee, H., Vermaas, W. F. J., & Rittmann, B. E. (2010) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.01.007 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Khozin‐Goldberg, I., & Cohen, Z. (2006) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.010 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Microalgae: The Potential for Carbon Capture
Sayre, R. T. (2010) · BioScience · doi:10.1525/bio.2010.60.9.9 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Huerlimann, R., de Nys, R., & Heimann, K. (2010) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.22809 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
From first generation biofuels to advanced solar biofuels
Aro, E.-M. (2016) · AMBIO · doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0730-0 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Photosynthetic H2 metabolism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (unicellular green algae)
Melis, A. (2007) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-007-0609-9 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Breuer, G., Lamers, P. P., Martens, D. E., Draaisma, R. B., & Wijffels, R. H. (2013) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.105 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Optimization of photosynthetic light energy utilization by microalgae
Perrine, Z., Negi, S., & Sayre, R. T. (2012) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2012.07.002 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Anaerobic digestion of microalgae residues resulting from the biodiesel production process
Ehimen, E. A., Sun, Z., Carrington, C. G., Birch, E. J., & Eaton‐Rye, J. J. (2010) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.10.020 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Transesterification of poultry fat with methanol using Mg–Al hydrotalcite derived catalysts
Liu, Y., Lotero, E., Goodwin, J. G., et al. (2007) · Applied Catalysis A General · doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2007.07.038 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Strategies for Lipid Production Improvement in Microalgae as a Biodiesel Feedstock
Zhu, L. D., Li, Z. H., & Hiltunen, E. (2016) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2016/8792548 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Zhu, S., Huang, W., Xu, J. H., Wang, Z., Xu, J., & Yuan, Z. (2013) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.092 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Çakmak, T., Angün, P., Demiray, Y. E., Özkan, A. D., Elibol, Z., & Tekinay, T. (2012) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.24474 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Sun, X. L., Cao, Y., Xu, H., Liu, Y., Sun, J., Qiao, D., & Cao, Y. (2014) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.109 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Effects of phosphorus nutrition on photosynthesis in Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Fredeen, A. L., Raab, T. K., Rao, I. M., et al. (1990) · Planta · doi:10.1007/bf00195894 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Phosphorus Deficiency Decreases Cell Division and Elongation in Grass Leaves
Kavanová, M., Lattanzi, F. A., Grimoldi, A. A., & Schnyder, H. (2006) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.106.079699 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Yodsuwan, N., Sawayama, S., & Sirisansaneeyakul, S. (2017) · Agriculture and Natural Resources · doi:10.1016/j.anres.2017.02.004 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Hu, H., & Gao, K. (2003) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1022489108980 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Negi, S., Barry, A. N., Friedland, N., Sudasinghe, N., Subramanian, S., Pieris, S., Holguin, F. O., Dungan, B., Schaub, T., & Sayre, R. (2016) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-015-0652-z · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Jiang, C., Wang, X., Gao, H.-Y., Shi, L., & Chow, W. S. (2011) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.111.172213 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Wada, H., & Murata, N. (2009) · Advances in photosynthesis and respiration · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Increased fatty acid production in potato by engineering of acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Klaus, D., Ohlrogge, J. B., Neuhaus, H. E., & D�rmann, P. (2004) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-004-1236-3 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Siron, R., Giusti, G., & Berland, B. R. (1989) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps055095 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Chakraborty, N., & Tripathy, B. C. (1992) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.98.1.7 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationNegi, S., Perrine, Z., Friedland, N., Kumar, A., Tokutsu, R., Minagawa, J., Berg, H., Barry, A. N., Govindjee, G., & Sayre, R. (2020) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/tpj.14751 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Fan, L., Zhang, Y. ‐., Cheng, L. ‐., Zhang, L., Tang, D., & Chen, H. L. (2007) · Chemical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1002/ceat.200700141 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Rai, L. C., Mallick, N., Singh, J. B., & Kumar, H. D. (1991) · Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80732-7 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Valledor, L., Furuhashi, T., Recuenco-Muñoz, L., Wienkoop, S., & Weckwerth, W. (2014) · Biotechnology for Biofuels · doi:10.1186/s13068-014-0171-1 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Carbon bio-fixation by photosynthesis of Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 and Nannochloropsis oculta
Hsueh, H.-T., Li, W. J., Chen, H. H., & Chu, H. (2008) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.11.010 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Jeyaraman, A., Puranik, S., Rai, N. K., Vidapu, S., Sahu, P. P., Lata, C., & Prasad, M. (2008) · Molecular Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12033-008-9081-4 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Overexpression of Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase C Regulates Oxidative Stress in Arabidopsis
Pattanayak, G. K., & Tripathy, B. C. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026532 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationRazeghifard, R. (2013) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-013-9828-z · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Lipidomic Analysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under Nitrogen and Sulfur Deprivation
Yang, D., Song, D., Kind, T., Ma, Y., Hoefkens, J., & Fiehn, O. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137948 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus starvation on nucleic acid and protein content of Heterocapsa sp.
Berdalet, E., Latasa, M., & Estrada, M. (1994) · Journal of Plankton Research · doi:10.1093/plankt/16.4.303 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Myers, J. E., Phillips, J. N., & Graham, J. (1951) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.26.3.539 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Nitrate repletion strategy for enhancing lipid production from marine microalga Tetraselmis sp.
Kim, G., Bae, J., & Lee, K. (2016) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.045 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Baldisserotto, C., Popovich, C. A., Giovanardi, M., Sabia, A., Ferroni, L., Constenla, D. T., Leonardi, P. I., & Pancaldi, S. (2016) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.022 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Lipid Biosynthesis and its Regulation in Cyanobacteria
Sato, N., & Wada, H. (2009) · Advances in photosynthesis and respiration · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Photoregulation of the Greening Process of Wheat Seedlings Grown in Red Light*
Sood, S., Gupta, V., & Tripathy, B. C. (2005) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/s11103-005-8880-2 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationControl of Fatty Acid and Lipid Biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis by Ammonia, Light and DCMU
Pohl, P., & Wagner, H. (1972) · Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B · doi:10.1515/znb-1972-0111 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Konopka, A. E., & Schnur, M. (1981) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1981.tb00829.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Soeder, C. J., & Bolze, A. (1981) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb08498.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Fatty acid composition of lipids in microalgae
Basova, M. M. (2005) · International Journal on Algae · doi:10.1615/interjalgae.v7.i1.30 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Mandal, S., Patnaik, R., Singh, A. K., & Mallick, N. (2013) · Environmental Technology · doi:10.1080/09593330.2013.827730 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nilsson, F., Simpson, D. J. W., Jansson, C., et al. (1992) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90526-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Regulation of the carotenoid content and chloroplast development by levulinic acid
Jilani, A., Kar, S. K., Bose, S., et al. (1996) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00194.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Catalytic Function of a Novel Protein Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase C of Arabidopsis thaliana
Pattanayak, G. K., & Tripathy, B. C. (2002) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6543 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, Y., Wu, H., Sun, M., Peng, Q., & Li, A. (2018) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-018-0549-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Myers, J. E. (1947) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.22.4.590 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Light-Harvesting in Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotic Algae: An Overview
Larkum, A. W. D. (2020) · Advances in photosynthesis and respiration · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33397-3_10 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lipids in Thylakoid Membranes and Photosynthetic Cells
Wada, H., & Murata, N. (2009) · Advances in photosynthesis and respiration · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Photo-modulation of programmed cell death in rice leaves triggered by salinity
Ambastha, V., Sopory, S. K., Tiwari, B. S., et al. (2016) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-016-1305-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mhatre, A., Patil, S., Agarwal, A., Pandit, R. A., & Lali, A. M. (2018) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-018-0554-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Matsuda, Y. (2011) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-011-9683-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Induced and normal crystalline inclusions in plastids revealed by freeze-fracturing
Pyliotis, N. A., & Goodchild, D. J. (1975) · PROTOPLASMA · doi:10.1007/bf01567952 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ueno, Y., Shimakawa, G., Aikawa, S., et al. (2020) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-020-00757-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Allakhverdiev, S. I. (2020) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-020-00764-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sayre, R. T., Negi, S., & GOVINDJEE, G. (2020) · Photosynthetica · doi:10.32615/ps.2020.049 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Moroney, J. V., & Wee, J. L. (2014) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-013-9965-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nitrogen and phosphorus stress as a tool to induce lipid production in microalgae
Maltsev, Y., Kulikovskiy, M., & Maltseva, S. (2023) · Microbial Cell Factories · doi:10.1186/s12934-023-02244-6 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“As a result, the activity of photosynthesis decreases in both eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria [49, 85].”
Background
- Authors
- Kumari, K., Samantaray, S., Sahoo, D., & Tripathy, B. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Delhi (IN)
- Jawaharlal Nehru University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Sahoo, Dinabandhu
- Tripathy, Baishnab C
- Venue
- Photosynthesis Research
- Published
- 2021-04-04
- Volume
- 148
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 17-32
- ISSN
- 0166-8595 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5079
- OpenAlex
- W3144417508
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Photosynthesis Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Biotechnology, (2/662017 -IBSD)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Keywords
- Chlorella vulgaris, elevated CO2, nitrogen limitation, phosphorus limitation, photosynthesis, biomass production, lipid production, electron transport, chlorophyll content, lipid biosynthesis genes, nutrient bioavailability, biodiesel, microalgae
- MeSH terms
- Carbon Dioxide, Cells, Cultured, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Photosynthesis, Biomass, Chlorella vulgaris, Lipid Metabolism, Biofuels, Photobioreactors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
