Interventions to Reduce Stigma Related to Mental Illnesses in Educational Institutes: a Systematic Review
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This investigation reviews the effectiveness of anti-stigma interventions employed at educational institutes; to improve knowledge, attitude and beliefs regarding mental health disorders among students. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist guidelines were followed and protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018114535). Forty four randomized controlled trials were considered eligible after screening of 104 full-text articles against inclusion and exclusion criteria.Several interventions have been employed to tackle stigma toward psychiatric illnesses, including education through lectures and case scenarios, contact-based interventions, and role-plays as strategies to address stigma towards mental illnesses. A high proportion of trials noted that there was a significant improvement for stigma (19/25, 76%), attitude (8/11, 72%), helping-seeking (8/11, 72%), knowledge of mental health including recognition of depression (11/14, 78%), and social distance (4/7, 57%). These interventions also helped in reducing both public and self-stigma. Majority of the studies showed that the anti-stigma interventions were successful in improving mental health literacy, attitude and beliefs towards mental health illnesses.
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Stigma was directly targeted in 25 studies, and 19 of those showed significant improvements.
“Stigma was directly targeted in 25 studies, of which 19 showed significant improvements.”
From The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
Most studies that assessed attitudes found positive changes (8 of 11).
“most studies which assessed attitudes showed positive changes (eight of 11)”
From The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
The overall quality of these studies was quite low, with 35 (80%) at high risk of bias.
“The overall quality of these studies was quite low, with 35 (80%) showing a high risk of bias.”
From The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
Psychoeducation was the most frequently used intervention (25 studies), followed by social contact-based interventions (10 studies).
“Psychoeducation was used most often (25 studies) followed by social contact-based interventions (ten studies).”
From The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
Four of seven studies measuring social distance reported improvements.
“four of seven that measured social distance also reported improvements.”
From The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
Waqas and colleagues carried out a systematic review of anti-stigma interventions in educational institutions.
“Waqas and colleagues 116 conducted a systematic review of anti-stigma interventions in educational institutions.”
From The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
That review found 44 studies, and 36 of them (82%) were published from 2009 onward.
“They identified 44 studies, of which 36 (82%) had been published since 2009.”
From The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
Most included trials took place in high-income countries; only six were in middle-income countries (China, Russia, Nigeria, Brazil), and none in low-income countries.
“Most of the included trials had been conducted in HICs, with only six studies having been done in MICs including China (n=2), Russia (n=2), Nigeria (n=1), and Brazil (n=1).”
From The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health (2022) · cites this paper as [116]
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- Authors
- Waqas, A., Malik, S., Fida, A., Abbas, N., Mian, N., Miryala, S., Amray, A. N., Shah, Z., & Naveed, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Hartford Hospital (US)
- King Edward Medical University (PK)
- FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry (PK)
- Dow University of Health Sciences (PK)
- Weiss Memorial Hospital (US)
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Waqas, Ahmed
- Venue
- Psychiatric Quarterly
- Published
- 2020-05-05
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 887-903
- ISSN
- 0033-2720 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6709
- PMC
- PMC7395002
- OpenAlex
- W3022881768
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 1.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychiatric Quarterly (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Liverpool
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Keywords
- mental health stigma, stigma reduction interventions, students, mental health literacy, attitudes toward mental illness, contact-based interventions, role play, case scenarios, public stigma, self-stigma, social distance, depression detection
- MeSH terms
- Psychosocial Intervention, Mental Disorders, Health Education, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Role Playing, Persons with Psychiatric Disorders, Social Stigma
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