The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interpreting the WHOQOL-Brèf: Preliminary Population Norms and Effect Sizes
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 · Cited by 12,910
Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Assessment
THE WHOQOL GROUP (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798006667 · Cited by 7,933
Guillemin, F., Bombardier, C., & Beaton, D. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90142-n · Cited by 6,060
The Whoqol Group (1998) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00009-4 · Cited by 3,802
Population norms and meaningful differences for the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) measure
Hawthorne, G., & Osborne, R. (2005) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1467-842x.2005.tb00063.x · Cited by 294
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 73
- ABS, 1995, National Health Survey: SF-36 Population Norms
- M. Amir, 2003, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 295, 10.1023/A:1023756326443 · DOI
- M. Amir, 2002, Medical Care, 40, 918, 10.1097/00005650-200210000-00009 · DOI
- Bittencourt, 2004, Revista de Saude Publica, 38, 732, 10.1590/S0034-89102004000500018 · doi:10.1590/s0034-89102004000500018
- F. Bolsche, 2003, Fortschritte der Neurologie Psychiatrie, 71, 458, 10.1055/s-2003-42187 · doi:10.1055/s-2003-42187
- S. J. Bowman, 2004, Rheumatology (Oxford), 43, 758, 10.1093/rheumatology/keh170 · DOI
- P. Brieger, 2004, Psychiatrische Praxis, 31, 304, 10.1055/s-2003-814901 · DOI
- M. Bullinger, 1998, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51, 913, 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00082-1 · DOI · Paper page
- G. W. Chan, 2003, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 196, 10.1007/s00127-003-0616-5 · DOI
- P. K. Chand, 2004, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 58, 311, 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01237.x · DOI
- P. S. Chandra, 2003, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 54, 199, 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00567-6 · DOI
- M. H. Chapin, 2004, Disability and Rehabilitation, 26, 1135, 10.1080/09638280410001714772 · DOI
- P. K. Chopra, 2004, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38, 753, 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01448.x · DOI
- J. Cohen, 1988, Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences
- 2003, Focus on Economic Outcomes in Later Life: Public Policy, Health, and Cumulative Advantage
- G. De Girolamo, 2000, Epidemiology and Psychiatrical Society, 9, 45, 10.1017/S1121189X00007740 · DOI
- S. Dogan, 2004, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27, 279, 10.2975/27.2004.279.282 · DOI
- P. J. Dorman, 1997, British Medical Journal, 315, 461, 10.1136/bmj.315.7106.461 · DOI
- R. Eckersley, 2000a, Journal of Happiness Studies, 1, 267, 10.1023/A:1010040010239 · DOI
- R. Eckersley, 2000b, Social Indicators Research, 52, 3, 10.1023/A:1007071621613 · DOI
- M. L. Essink-Bot, 1995, Headache, 35, 200, 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1995.hed3504200.x · DOI
- C. T. Fang, 2002, Quality of Life Research, 11, 753, 10.1023/A:1020870402019 · DOI
- D. Feeny, 1996, Quality of Life and Pharmacoeconomics in Clinical Trials
- M. P. Fleck, 1999, Revista de Saude Publica, 33, 198, 10.1590/S0034-89101999000200012 · DOI · Paper page
- M. P. Fleck, 2000, Revista de Saude Publica, 34, 178, 10.1590/S0034-89102000000200012 · DOI · Paper page
- B. Gandek, 1998, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51, 953, 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00086-9 · DOI · Paper page
- GraphPad, 2000, InStat
- C. I. Hasanah, 2003, Medical Journal of Malaysia, 58, 79
- G. Hawthorne, 2001, Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research, 1, 215, 10.1586/14737167.1.2.215 · DOI
- G. Hawthorne, 2001a, Australian Studies in Health Service Administration, 89, 151
- G. Hawthorne, 2001b, Annals of Medicine, 33, 358, 10.3109/07853890109002090 · DOI · Paper page
- G. Hawthorne, 1999, Quality of Life Research, 8, 209, 10.1023/A:1008815005736 · DOI · Paper page
- A.H. Heald, 2004, Clinical Endocrinology, 61, 458, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02118.x · DOI
- H. Herrman, 2002, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37, 510, 10.1007/s00127-002-0587-y · DOI
- I Hinterseher, 2004, European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 28, 262, 10.1016/j.ejvs.2004.06.006 · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2004.06.006
- C. Hsu, 2003, Quality of Life Research,, 12, 503, 10.1023/A:1025043113819 · DOI
- H. F. Hwang, 2003, Age Ageing, 32, 593, 10.1093/ageing/afg102 · DOI
- Y. Jang, 2004, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1890, 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.02.032 · DOI
- 1999, Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonistic Psychology
- S. Khanna, 2004, Rheumatology (Oxford), 43, 1536, 10.1093/rheumatology/keh376 · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh376
- M. R. Lin, 2002, Quality of Life Research, 11, 379, 10.1023/A:1015543113448 · DOI
- F. W. Lung, 2004, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 45, 206, 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.02.009 · DOI
- S. K. Min, 2002, Quality of Life Research, 11, 593, 10.1023/A:1016351406336 · DOI · Paper page
- M. Mooney, 2002, Irish Medical Journal, 95, 241
- K. Muller, 2001, Gesundheitswesen, 63, 609, 10.1055/s-2001-17872 · DOI
- V. J. Naumann, 2004, International Psychogeriatrics, 16, 159, 10.1017/S1041610204000109 · DOI
- C. B. Nelson, 1999, The World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BRÈF Quality of Life Assessment: Psychometric Properties and Results of the International Field Trial
- V. Noerholm, 2004, Quality of Life Research, 13, 531, 10.1023/B:QURE.0000018485.05372.d6 · DOI
- V. Norholm, 2001, Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 55, 229, 10.1080/080394801681019075 · DOI
- R. E. O’Carroll, 2000, Quality of Life Research, 9, 121, 10.1023/A:1008901320492 · DOI
- Power, M., K. Quinn, S. Schmidt, and WHOQOL Group: 2005, ‘Development of the WHOQOL-OLD module’. Quality of Life Research 14, 2197–2214 · DOI · Paper page
- N. Sartorius, 1994, Quality of Life Assessment: International Perspectives
- S. Saxena, 1998, National Medical Journal of India, 11, 160
- K. Sim, 2004, Psychiatry Research, 129, 141, 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.07.007 · DOI
- S. M. Skevington, 2004, Quality of Life Research, 13, 299, 10.1023/B:QURE.0000018486.91360.00 · DOI · Paper page
- SPSS,, 2003, SPSS for Windows, Version 11.5
- Szabo, S. and WHOQOL Group: 1996, `The World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL) assessment instrument’, in A. Spilker (ed.), Quality of Life and Pharmaco-economics in Clinical Trials (Lippincott-Raven Publishers. Philadelphia), pp. 355–362
- W. J. Taylor, 2004, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 51, 350, 10.1002/art.20398 · DOI
- D. S. Tzeng, 2004, Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Science, 20, 443, 10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70183-4 · DOI
- R. Umansky, 2003, Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 40, 248
- X. Wang, 2000, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 54, 427, 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00732.x · DOI
- J. Ware, 1996, Quality of Life and Pharmacoeconomics, 681
- J. Ware, 1995, SF-12: How to Score the SF-12 Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales
- J. E. Ware, 1993, SF-36 Health Survey: Manual and Interpretation Guide
- WHO, 1993, Measuring Quality of Life: The Development of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL), 9
- WHOQoL Group., 1993, Quality of Life Research, 2, 153, 10.1007/BF00435734 · DOI · Paper page
- WHOQoL Group, 1994a, International Journal of Mental Health, 23, 24, 10.1080/00207411.1994.11449286 · DOI · Paper page
- WHOQoL Group, 1994b, Quality of Life Assessment International Perspectives, 41, 10.1007/978-3-642-79123-9_4 · DOI · Paper page
- WHOQoL Group., 1995, Social Science and Medicine, 41, 1403, 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-K · DOI · Paper page
- J. Wray, 2004, Quality of Life Research, 13, 915, 10.1023/B:QURE.0000025600.56517.c5 · DOI
- S. Yao, 2002, Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 101, 342
- C. F. Yen, 2004, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 58, 501, 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01292.x · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01292.x
- C. L. Yu, 2000, Cancer, 88, 1715, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000401)88:7<1715::AID-CNCR28>3.0.CO;2-K · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(20000401)88:7<1715::aid-cncr28>3.0.co;2-k
Cited by
Pieh, C., Budimir, S., & Probst, T. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186 · Cited by 1,122
The Psychiatric Sequelae of Traumatic Injury
Bryant, R. A., O'Donnell, M. L., Creamer, M., McFarlane, A. C., Clark, C. R., & Silove, D. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09050617 · Cited by 843
Hawthorne, G. (2006) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-005-7746-y · Cited by 450
Self-citation‘Something needs to change’: Mental health experiences of young autistic adults in England
Crane, L., Adams, F., Harper, G., Welch, J., & Pellicano, E. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318757048 · Cited by 397
Clift, S., Hancox, G., Morrison, I., Hess, B., Kreutz, G., & Stewart, D. (2010) · Journal of Applied Arts & Health · doi:10.1386/jaah.1.1.19/1 · Cited by 285
Relationship quality and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown
Pieh, C., O´Rourke, T., Budimir, S., & Probst, T. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238906 · Cited by 273
Treating Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Bryant, R. A., Kenny, L., Joscelyne, A., Rawson, N., Maccallum, F., Cahill, C., Hopwood, S., Aderka, I., & Nickerson, A. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1600 · Cited by 253
Mental Health During COVID-19 Lockdown in the United Kingdom
Pieh, C., Budimir, S., Delgadillo, J., Barkham, M., Fontaine, J. R. J., & Probst, T. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000871 · Cited by 252
Psychological functioning of people living with chronic pain: a meta-analytic review
Burke, A. L. J., Mathias, J. L., & Denson, L. A. (2015) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12078 · Cited by 239
Dale, R., Budimir, S., Probst, T., Stippl, P., & Pieh, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073679 · Cited by 190
Carter, G. L., Willcox, C. H., Lewin, T. J., Conrad, A. M., & Bendit, N. (2010) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048670903393621 · Cited by 180
Maxwell, A., Özmen, M., Iezzi, A., & Richardson, J. (2016) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-016-1337-z · Cited by 150
Yadavaia, J. E., & Hayes, S. C. (2012) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.09.002 · Cited by 147
O'Donnell, M. L., Alkemade, N., Nickerson, A., Creamer, M., McFarlane, A. C., Silove, D., Bryant, R. A., & Forbes, D. (2014) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.135285 · Cited by 131
Oakley, B. F., Tillmann, J., Ahmad, J., Crawley, D., San José Cáceres, A., Holt, R., Charman, T., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J., Simonoff, E., et al. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320959959 · Cited by 133
“Of note, we confirmed that QoL scores in our comparison group corresponded to existing published norms (Hawthorne et al., 2006; Riley et al., 2001), except for CHIP-CE Comfort (comparison group scored higher than norms) and Achievement domains (lower than norms; Supplementary Table 1), indicating that our results were…”
ResultChild and Adult Factors Related to Quality of Life in Adults with Autism
Moss, P., Mandy, W., & Howlin, P. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3105-5 · Cited by 119
Trombka, M., Demarzo, M., Campos, D., Antonio, S. B., Cicuto, K., Walcher, A. L., García-Campayo, J., Schuman-Olivier, Z., & Rocha, N. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.624876 · Cited by 69
Woon, L. S.-C., Sidi, H. B., Ravindran, A., Gosse, P. J., Mainland, R. L., Kaunismaa, E. S., Hatta, N. H., Arnawati, P., Zulkifli, A. Y., Mustafa, N., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02615-y · Cited by 63
Lubman, D. I., Garfield, J. B. B., Manning, V., Berends, L., Best, D., Mugavin, J. M., Lam, T., Buykx, P., Larner, A., Lloyd, B., et al. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0956-9 · Cited by 57
Wuthrich, V. M., & Rapee, R. M. (2019) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2019.1580811 · Cited by 52
Leader, G., Glynn, C., Kirkpatrick, B., Chen, J. L., O’Súilleabháin, P. S., & Mannion, A. (2022) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2021.24 · Cited by 21
Lee Marmol, N., Ryan, N. P., Sood, N., Morrison, E., Botchway-Commey, E., Anderson, V., & Catroppa, C. (2025) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2024.2319910 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Hawthorne, G., Herrman, H., & Murphy, B.
- Venue
- Social Indicators Research
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-59
- ISSN
- 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0921
- OpenAlex
- W1996289357
- Cited by
- 381
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 11.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.