Looking beyond hypogonadism: association between low testosterone and metabolic syndrome in men 20–59 years

Abstract

Purpose Rates of low testosterone and metabolic syndrome are increasing among adult men in the United States. Both are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This study aims to assess the association between low testosterone and metabolic syndrome with a population-based contemporary cohort of men aged 20-59 years. Methods National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used between the years of 2013 and 2016. Men aged 20-59 years with testosterone levels were included. Metabolic syndrome was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Protocol (ATP) III. Results 24.4% of the cohort had low testosterone and 26.4% had metabolic syndrome. Univariate analysis revealed that men with low testosterone had a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome criteria. Multivariable logistic regression revealed a significant association between low testosterone and a large waistline (Odds ratio (OR) 4.32), as well as low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.67) among all men. Age-stratification revealed that men 20-39 years with a large waistline had an OR 6.43 for low testosterone. Conclusion Nearly one quarter of men aged 20-59 years have low testosterone and metabolic syndrome. A large waistline increases the risk of low testosterone six-fold among young men.