Remediation techniques for removal of heavy metals from the soil contaminated through different sources: a review
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is one of the serious problems and contaminates the environment by different means with the blow of industries in several countries. Different techniques like physical, chemical, and biological have been used for removal of heavy metal contaminants from the environment. Some of these have limitations such as cost, time consumption, logistical problems, and mechanical involvedness. Nowadays, in situ immobilization of metals, phytoremediation and biological techniques turned out to be best solution for elimination of metal(loid) s from the soil. Here, we reviewed the different remediation techniques for extraction of heavy metals from soil and especially highlighting in situ immobilization technique. The aim of remediation efforts at the contaminant site is to restrict the heavy metal to enter in the environment, food chain, and exposure to humans beings. The type of method used at a given site depends on the various factors like natural processes take place at the contaminated site, soil type, type of chemicals, and the depth of contaminated site.
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Phytoremediation is the cheapest and fastest technique to decontaminate soil with heavy metals.
“among the different technologies that are used to ameliorate contaminated soils, phytoremediation is the cheapest and fastest technique to decontaminate soil with HMs”
From Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for phytoremediation: Energy and environmental life cycle assessment of using contaminated biomass as an energy resource (2022) · cites this paper as Dhaliwal et al. [25]
Scenedesmus and Chlorella strains demonstrate clearance rates of 48% and 31%, respectively, for 20 mg Cr/L.
“Similarly, Scenedesmus and Chlorella strains demonstrated clearance rates of 48% and 31%, respectively, for 20 mg Cr/L [110, 126].”
From A Holistic Approach to Circular Bioeconomy Through the Sustainable Utilization of Microalgal Biomass for Biofuel and Other Value-Added Products (2024) · cites this paper as [126]
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PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CADMIUM-CONTAMINATED SOIL BY BRASSICA SPECIES
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Integrated Nutrient Management
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Rajendran, S., Priya, T. A. K., Khoo, K. S., Hoang, T. K. A., Ng, H.-S., Munawaroh, H. S. H., Karaman, C., Orooji, Y., & Show, P. L. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132369 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Algae as Bio-fertilizers: Between current situation and future prospective
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Ezhumalai, G., Arun, M., Manavalan, A., Rajkumar, R., & Heese, K. (2024) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-024-02376-1 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Rai, G. K., Bhat, B. A., Mushtaq, M., Tariq, L., Rai, P. K., Basu, U., Dar, A. A., Islam, S. T., Dar, T. U. H., & Bhat, J. A. (2021) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/ppl.13433 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Lavanya, M. B., Viswanath, D. S., & Sivapullaiah, P. V. (2024) · Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management · doi:10.1016/j.enmm.2024.100975 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
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Aghili, S., & Golzary, A. (2023) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2023.103241 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Revegetation and ecosystem reclamation of post-mined land: toward sustainable mining
Zine, H., Hakkou, R., Papazoglou, E. G., Elmansour, A., Abrar, F., & Benzaazoua, M. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-024-05697-3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Guo, X., Zhang, S., Luo, J., Pan, M., Du, Y., Liang, Y., & Li, T. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126859 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Li, Y., Yin, H., Guo, Z., Zhu, M., Yan, C., Li, X., & Dang, Z. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.109922 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dhaliwal, S. S., Singh, J., Taneja, P. K., & Mandal, A.
- Affiliations
- Punjab Agricultural University (IN)
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Dhaliwal, Salwinder Singh
- Singh, Jaswinder
- Venue
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Published
- 2019-12-05
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1319-1333
- ISSN
- 0944-1344 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-7499
- OpenAlex
- W2994003758
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 16
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi (nil)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
- Keywords
- heavy metal contamination, soil remediation, phytoremediation, in situ immobilization, heavy metal extraction, metalloids, industrial pollution, bioremediation, chemical remediation, physical remediation
- MeSH terms
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Humans, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Metals, Heavy, Environmental Restoration and Remediation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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