Cited by 80Heavy metals in environmentHeavy Metal Pollution RemediationChromium effects and bioremediation

Insights into decontamination of soils by phytoremediation: A detailed account on heavy metal toxicity and mitigation strategies

Rai, Gyanendra K., Bhat, Basharat A., Mushtaq, Muntazir, Tariq, Lubna, Rai, Pradeep K., Basu, Umer, Dar, Aejaz A., Islam, Sheikh T. +2 more·2021·Physiologia Plantarum

Abstract

In the current era of rapid industrialization, the foremost challenge is the management of industrial wastes. Activities such as mining and industrialization spill over a large quantity of toxic waste that pollutes soil, water, and air. This poses a major environmental and health challenge. The toxic heavy metals present in the soil and water are entering the food chain, which in turn causes severe health hazards. Environmental clean-up and reclamation of heavy metal contaminated soil and water are very important, and it necessitates efforts of environmentalists, industrialists, scientists, and policymakers. Phytoremediation is a plant-based approach to remediate heavy metal/organic pollutant contaminated soil and water in an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and permanent way. This review covers the effect of heavy metal toxicity on plant growth and physiological process, the concept of heavy metal accumulation, detoxification, and the mechanisms of tolerance in plants. Based on plants' ability to uptake heavy metals and metabolize them within tissues, phytoremediation techniques have been classified into six types: phytoextraction, phytoimmobilization, phytovolatilization, phytodegradation, rhizofiltration, and rhizodegradation. The development of research in this area led to the identification of metal hyper-accumulators, which could be utilized for reclamation of contaminated soil through phytomining. Concurrently, breeding and biotechnological approaches can enhance the remediation efficiency. Phytoremediation technology, combined with other reclamation technologies/practices, can provide clean soil and water to the ecosystem.

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Crossref · 10.1111/ppl.13433

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267 of 267 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Rai, G. K., Bhat, B. A., Mushtaq, M., Tariq, L., Rai, P. K., Basu, U., Dar, A. A., Islam, S. T., Dar, T. U. H., & Bhat, J. A.
Affiliations
  • Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (IN)
  • University of Kashmir (IN)
  • Department of Biotechnology BGSB University Jammu and Kashmir India
  • Nanjing Agricultural University (CN)
Venue
Physiologia Plantarum
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-05-06
Volume
173
Issue
1
Pages
287-304
ISSN
  • 0031-9317 (ISSN-L)
  • 1399-3054
OpenAlex
W3153351443
Cited by
80
References
267
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 3
FWCI
0.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Physiologia Plantarum (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chromium effects and bioremediation
Keywords
phytoremediation, heavy metal toxicity, soil contamination, heavy metal accumulation in plants, metal hyperaccumulator plants, phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, phytodegradation, rhizofiltration, rhizodegradation, phytomining, industrial waste, plant growth inhibition, remediation strategies
MeSH terms
Biodegradation, Environmental, Decontamination, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Ecosystem, Metals, Heavy

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