The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis: A Case Study in Peripheral Trauma with Implications for Health Professionals
Open accessAbstract
Racially or ethnically targeted events may have adverse health implications for members of the group not directly targeted, a phenomenon known as peripheral trauma. Recent evidence suggests that mass incarceration, police brutality, and immigration actions all have such effects, as did medical exploitation by the US government during the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male. We summarize recent findings in the economics literature on population-level effects of the Tuskegee study, including a decline in health-seeking behavior and a rise of both mortality and medical mistrust among African-American men not enrolled in the study. We highlight the relevance of our findings for present-day racial health disparities. Practitioner awareness of peripheral trauma is an important element of cultural competency. But among options to substantially improve minority trust in the healthcare system, the diversification of medical practitioners may hold greatest promise.
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The focus on oncology further narrowed the range.
“The focus on oncology further narrowed the range [71–73].”
From Enablers and barriers of clinical trial participation in adult patients from minority ethnic groups: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [71]
The Introduction and Discussion address peripheral trauma, the Tuskegee study, and health inequities, not oncology or a range narrowed by an oncology focus. Searches for “oncology” and the claim’s wording found no passage addressing that point in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Alsan, M., Wanamaker, M., & Hardeman, R. R.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wanamaker, Marianne
- Venue
- Journal of General Internal Medicine
- Published
- 2019-10-23
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 322-325
- ISSN
- 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1497
- PMC
- PMC6957600
- OpenAlex
- W2981897631
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 8.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001863)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R03MD011449)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Race, Genetics, and Society
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
- Keywords
- Tuskegee syphilis study, racial disparities in health, medical mistrust, health-seeking behavior, African American men, cultural competence, physician workforce diversity
- MeSH terms
- Black or African American, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Minority Groups, Syphilis, Trust
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