What Is Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery Expressed in Percentage Total Weight Loss (%TWL)? A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Percentage total weight loss (%TWL) might be better than percentage excess weight loss to express weight loss in bariatric surgery. In this systematic review, performed according to the PRISMA statement, results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) are assessed in %TWL. A total of 13,426 studies were screened and 49 included, reporting data of 24,760 patients. The results show that, despite limiting data, LRYGB is favorable over LSG in terms of weight loss in short-term follow-up. Although recent guidelines recommend to use %TWL when reporting outcome in bariatric surgery, this study shows that there is still insufficient quality data in %TWL, especially on LSG. The use of %TWL as the primary outcome measure in bariatric surgery should be encouraged.
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In SURMOUNT-1, the 15 mg tirzepatide group exhibited an average weight decrease of 20.9%, and 36.2% of participants achieved the ≥25% weight-loss goal.
“Notably, the 15 mg tirzepatide group in this trial exhibited an average weight decrease of 20.9%, and an impressive 36.2% of participants successfully achieved the≥25% weight-loss goal, approaching the effects observed with bariatric surgery [32, 33].”
From Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide for weight management compared to placebo: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis including the latest SURMOUNT-2 trial (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
The Discussion reports pooled weight loss of 31.9% after gastric bypass and 29.5% after sleeve gastrectomy at one year, providing a bariatric-surgery benchmark for the cited comparison. The paper does not report SURMOUNT-1 outcomes, so it does not support the attributed 20.9% and 36.2% tirzepatide figures or directly assess whether those results approach surgery outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn a systematic review of 8818 patients, pooled mean total weight loss following RYGB reached 31.9% after one year.
“A comprehensive systematic review involving 8818 patients demonstrated that the pooled mean total weight loss (%TWL) following RYGB reached 31.9% after one year [26].”
From Impact of Bariatric Surgery and Endoscopic Therapies on Liver Health in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
In a systematic review of 3542 patients, pooled mean total weight loss following VSG was approximately 29.5% at one year.
“A comprehensive systematic review involving 3542 patients documented a pooled mean total weight loss (%TWL) of approximately 29.5% at one year post-surgery [26].”
From Impact of Bariatric Surgery and Endoscopic Therapies on Liver Health in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
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de Roos, B. M., Yeh, L.-L. Y., van den Hooff, P. S., Nuijten, M. A. H., Twisk, J. W. R., Liem, R. S. L., van Acker, G. J. D., Severens, J. L., Kambič, T., Serlie, M. J. M., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108346
Phenotyping of Patients Seeking Third or Higher-Order Metabolic Bariatric Surgery
Zaichyk-Segal, M., Yogev, O., Chweiger, C., Goldzak-Kunik, G., Elran‐Barak, R., & Dagan, S. S. (2026) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-025-08426-y
Wu, S.-F., Wang, R., Soong, T., Su, Y.-H., Wung, S.-F., & Lin, P. (2026) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-026-04212-0
- Authors
- van Rijswijk, A.-S., van Olst, N., Schats, W., van der Peet, D. L., & van de Laar, A. W.
- Affiliations
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Schats, Winnie
- Venue
- Obesity Surgery
- Published
- 2021-05-17
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3833-3847
- ISSN
- 0960-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1708-0428
- OpenAlex
- W3161975691
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 3.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Obesity Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Body Contouring and Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
- Keywords
- bariatric surgery outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Gastrectomy, Humans, Obesity, Morbid, Laparoscopy, Retrospective Studies, Gastric Bypass, Weight Loss, Treatment Outcome, Bariatric Surgery
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