Tai Chi and Qigong for cancer-related symptoms and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Purpose This study aims to summarize and critically evaluate the effects of Tai Chi and Qigong (TCQ) mind-body exercises on symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in cancer survivors.Methods A systematic search in four electronic databases targeted randomized and non-randomized clinical studies evaluating TCQ for fatigue, sleep difficulty, depression, pain, and QOL in cancer patients, published through August 2016. Meta-analysis was used to estimate effect sizes (ES, Hedges' g) and publication bias for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methodological bias in RCTs was assessed.Results Our search identified 22 studies, including 15 RCTs that evaluated 1283 participants in total, 75% women. RCTs evaluated breast (n = 7), prostate (n = 2), lymphoma (n = 1), lung (n = 1), or combined (n = 4) cancers. RCT comparison groups included active intervention (n = 7), usual care (n = 5), or both (n = 3). Duration of TCQ training ranged from 3 to 12 weeks. Methodological bias was low in 12 studies and high in 3 studies. TCQ was associated with significant improvement in fatigue (ES = - 0.53, p < 0.001), sleep difficulty (ES = - 0.49, p = 0.018), depression (ES = - 0.27, p = 0.001), and overall QOL (ES = 0.33, p = 0.004); a statistically non-significant trend was observed for pain (ES = - 0.38, p = 0.136). Random effects models were used for meta-analysis based on Q test and I 2 criteria. Funnel plots suggest some degree of publication bias. Findings in non-randomized studies largely paralleled meta-analysis results.Conclusions Larger and methodologically sound trials with longer follow-up periods and appropriate comparison groups are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn, and cancer- and symptom-specific recommendations can be made.Implications for cancer survivors TCQ shows promise in addressing cancer-related symptoms and QOL in cancer survivors.
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A 2018 meta-analysis of 22 studies (15 RCTs and 7 nonrandomized controlled trials; n = 1,283) associated TCQ with significant improvement in fatigue (g = -0.53), depression (g = -0.27), and QL (g = 0.33).
“In another 2018 meta-analysis of 22 studies (15 RCTs and 7 nonrandomized controlled trials; n = 1,283), TCQ was associated with significant improvement in fatigue (g = -0.53),depression (g = -0.27),and QL (g = 0.33) (Wayne et al. 2018).”
From Psychosocial and Integrative Oncology: Interventions Across the Disease Trajectory. (2023) · cites this paper as Wayne et al. 2018
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredYoga and Qigong affected the target variables.
“Additionally, we included complementary and alternative medicine elements that affected the target variables, such as Yoga34-37 and Qigong.38,39”
From Effects of a Video Sequence Based Intervention on Anxiety, Fatigue and Depression in Cancer Patients: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
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- [52]Larkey LK Roe DJ Weihs KL Jahnke R Lopez AM Rogers CE Oh B Guillen-Rodriguez J Randomized Controlled Trial of Qigong/Tai Chi Easy on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Survivors Ann Behav Med 2014 PMC4329282 25124456
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- Authors
- Wayne, P. M., Lee, M. S., Novakowski, J., Osypiuk, K., Ligibel, J., Carlson, L. E., & Song, R.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KR)
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Chungnam National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Wayne, Peter M.
- Venue
- Journal of Cancer Survivorship
- Published
- 2017-12-08
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 256-267
- ISSN
- 1932-2259 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-2267
- PMC
- PMC5958892
- OpenAlex
- W2772914537
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Cancer Survivorship (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (K24AT009282)
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (K17111)
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2013R-1A-1A-2065536)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biofield Effects and Biophysics
- Keywords
- Tai Chi, qigong, mind-body exercise, cancer symptoms, quality of life, cancer survivors, cancer-related fatigue, sleep disorders, depression, pain, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, lung cancer
- MeSH terms
- Cancer Survivors, Depression, Exercise Therapy, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Quality of Life, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Databases, Factual, Tai Ji, Qigong
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