Effects of Acupuncture, Tuina, Tai Chi, Qigong, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Five-Element Music Therapy on Symptom Management and Quality of Life for Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
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Context Most cancer patients suffer from both the disease itself and symptoms induced by conventional treatment. Available literature on the clinical effects on cancer patients of acupuncture, Tuina, Tai Chi, Qigong, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Five-Element Music Therapy (TCM-FEMT) reports controversial results.Objectives The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture, Tuina, Tai Chi, Qigong, and TCM-FEMT on various symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients with cancer; risk of bias for the selected trials also was assessed.Methods Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE via both PubMed and Ovid, Cochrane Central, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, China Biology Medicine, and Wanfang Database). All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using acupuncture, Tuina, Tai Chi, Qigong, or TCM-FEMT published before October 2, 2014, were selected, regardless of whether the article was published in Chinese or English.Results We identified 67 RCTs (5465 patients) that met our inclusion criteria to perform this meta-analysis. Analysis results showed that a significant combined effect was observed for QOL change in patients with terminal cancer in favor of acupuncture and Tuina (Cohen's d: 0.21-4.55, P < 0.05), whereas Tai Chi and Qigong had no effect on QOL of breast cancer survivors (P > 0.05). The meta-analysis also demonstrated that acupuncture produced small-to-large effects on adverse symptoms including pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and some gastrointestinal discomfort; however, no significant effect was found on the frequency of hot flashes (Cohen's d = -0.02; 95% CI = -1.49 to 1.45; P = 0.97; I(2) = 36%) and mood distress (P > 0.05). Tuina relieved gastrointestinal discomfort. TCM-FEMT lowered depression level. Tai Chi improved vital capacity of breast cancer patients. High risk of bias was present in 74.63% of the selected RCTs. Major sources of risk of bias were lack of blinding, allocation concealment, and incomplete outcome data.Conclusion Taken together, although there are some clear limitations regarding the body of research reviewed in this study, a tentative conclusion can be reached that acupuncture, Tuina, Tai Chi, Qigong, or TCM-FEMT represent beneficial adjunctive therapies. Future study reporting in this field should be improved regarding both method and content of interventions and research methods.
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Studies assessing complementary interventions, such as music-based interventions or mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), showed beneficial effects in cancer patients; yet results were often heterogeneous.
“Additionally, studies assessing complementary interventions, such as music-based interventions or mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), showed beneficial effects in cancer patients; yet results were often heterogeneous [80–84].”
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- Authors
- Tao, W.-W., Jiang, H., Tao, X.-M., Jiang, P., Sha, L.-Y., & Sun, X.-C.
- Affiliations
- Dalian Medical University (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tao, Wei-Wei
- Jiang, Ping
- ORCID
- Jiang, Hua
- Venue
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 728-747
- ISSN
- 0885-3924 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2260986065
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 4.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Keywords
- acupuncture, tuina, Tai Chi, qigong, five-element music therapy, traditional Chinese medicine, cancer patients, quality of life, symptom management, pain, fatigue, sleep disorders, gastrointestinal discomfort, hot flashes, depression, breast cancer survivors, terminal cancer, risk of bias, complementary therapy, vital capacity
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Medicine, Chinese Traditional, Music Therapy, Neoplasms, Quality of Life, Acupuncture Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Disease Management, Tai Ji, Qigong
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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