Etiology of insulin resistance in youth with type 2 diabetes

Cree-Green, Melanie; Triolo, Taylor M.; Nadeau, Kristen J.

doi:10.1007/s11892-012-0341-0

Cited by 69Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesDiabetes Management and Research

Etiology of insulin resistance in youth with type 2 diabetes

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Cree-Green, Melanie, Triolo, Taylor M., Nadeau, Kristen J.·2013·Current Diabetes Reports

DOI 10.1007/s11892-012-0341-0PMC PMC4296020

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), historically an adult disease, is now increasingly prevalent in obese youth. Poor diet and increased sedentary behavior contribute to the increasing rates of obesity in youth, yet not all obese children develop T2DM. In general, T2DM is characterized by both insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic beta-cell insufficiency. In children, IR is related to elevated body mass index (BMI) and pubertal hormones, along with abnormal fat partitioning, elevated free fatty acids, inflammation, and/or mitochondrial dysfunction. Hyperglycemia and T2DM develop when the pancreas cannot match the increased insulin demands resulting from IR. Unique to youth, IR varies with stage of pubertal development, and some children may have resolution of hyperglycemia post-puberty once the IR of puberty resolves. Further understanding of IR, the progression to T2DM in youth, and later outcomes as adults will help direct future therapies and interventions for youth at risk.

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Obese adolescents are reported to have chronically raised circulating free fatty acids, which reduce insulin sensitivity and may increase reactive oxygen species and impair insulin secretion.
“Compared with non-obese adolescents, obese adolescents are reported to have chronically increased circulating free fatty acids (FFA) which decrease insulin sensitivity and may contribute to increased reactive oxygen species and impair insulin secretion 29 .”
From Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults (2018) · cites this paper as [29]
The “Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Children with T2DM” section reports increased FFA concentrations in obese children and describes how FFA can decrease insulin sensitivity, increase reactive oxygen species, and lead to defective insulin secretion. It does not establish that the FFA elevation is chronic or explicitly compare FFA concentrations in obese and non-obese adolescents. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Authors: Cree-Green, M., Triolo, T. M., & Nadeau, K. J.
Affiliations: Children's Hospital Colorado (US)
ORCID: Triolo, Taylor M.
Nadeau, Kristen J.
Venue: Current Diabetes Reports
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-11-09
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 81-88
ISSN: 1534-4827 (ISSN-L)
1539-0829
DOI: 10.1007/s11892-012-0341-0
PMC: PMC4296020
OpenAlex: W1997251860
Cited by: 69
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 0.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Current Diabetes Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R56DK088971, T32DK063687, P30DK048520)
National Center for Research Resources (RR020038-05, K23RR020038)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, youth, childhood obesity, pubertal development, body mass index, free fatty acids, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, fat partitioning, disease progression
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Life Style, Disease Progression, Insulin-Secreting Cells

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Etiology of insulin resistance in youth with type 2 diabetes

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