Insulin resistance in children: Consensus, perspective, and future directions
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Emerging data indicate that insulin resistance is common among children and adolescents and is related to cardiometabolic risk, therefore requiring consideration early in life. However, there is still confusion on how to define insulin resistance, how to measure it, what its risk factors are, and whether there are effective strategies to prevent and treat it. A consensus conference was organized in order to clarify these points. PARTICIPANTS: The consensus was internationally supported by all the major scientific societies in pediatric endocrinology and 37 participants. EVIDENCE: An independent and systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify key articles relating to insulin resistance in children. CONSENSUS PROCESS: The conference was divided into five themes and working groups: background and definition; methods of measurement and screening; risk factors and consequences; prevention; and treatment. Each group selected key issues, searched the literature, and developed a draft document. During a 3-d meeting, these papers were debated and finalized by each group before presenting them to the full forum for further discussion and agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Given the current childhood obesity epidemic, insulin resistance in children is an important issue confronting health care professionals. There are no clear criteria to define insulin resistance in children, and surrogate markers such as fasting insulin are poor measures of insulin sensitivity. Based on current screening criteria and methodology, there is no justification for screening children for insulin resistance. Lifestyle interventions including diet and exercise can improve insulin sensitivity, whereas drugs should be implemented only in selected cases.
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Normative data on developmental changes in insulin sensitivity during child development are lacking.
“Although normative data on developmental changes in insulin sensitivity during child development are lacking (64)”
From Metabolic costs and evolutionary implications of human brain development (2014) · cites this paper as [64]
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- Authors
- Levy-Marchal, C., Arslanian, S., Cutfield, W., Sinaiko, A., Druet, C., Marcovecchio, M. L., & Chiarelli, F.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5189-5198
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC3206517
- OpenAlex
- W2086964476
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 20.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10274)
- National Institutes of Health (5k23hl086946-02)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K-23 HL086946)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD040787)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, children, adolescents, childhood obesity, cardiometabolic risk, insulin sensitivity, fasting insulin, screening, risk factors, prevention, lifestyle intervention, diet and exercise, pharmacotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Energy Intake, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fiber, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Life Style, Mass Screening, Obesity, Risk Factors, Exercise, Risk Assessment, Diet, Fat-Restricted
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