The Effects of Air Pollution on the Development of Atopic Disease
Open accessAbstract
Air pollution is defined as the presence of noxious substances in the air at levels that impose a health hazard. Thus, there has been long-standing interest in the possible role of indoor and outdoor air pollutants on the development of respiratory disease. In this regard, asthma has been of particular interest but many studies have also been conducted to explore the relationship between air pollution, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Traffic-related air pollutants or TRAP refers to a broad group of pollutants including elemental carbon, black soot, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), nitric oxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO 2). In this review, we aim to examine the current literature regarding the impact of early childhood exposure to TRAP on the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Although there is growing evidence suggesting significant associations, definitive conclusions cannot be made with regard to the effect of TRAP on these diseases. This conundrum may be due to a variety of factors, including different definitions used to define TRAP, case definitions under consideration, a limited number of studies, variation in study designs, and disparities between studies in consideration of confounding factors. Regardless, this review highlights the need for future studies to be conducted, particularly with birth cohorts that explore this relationship further. Such studies may assist in understanding more clearly the pathogenesis of these diseases, as well as other methods by which these diseases could be treated.
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The relationship between air pollution and atopic dermatitis remains uncertain.
“Although the correlation between air pollution and AD, particularly in highly polluted areas, has been a subject of investigation. The relationship remains uncertain97.”
From Air Pollution and Skin Diseases (2025) · cites this paper as [97]
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- Authors
- Hassoun, Y., James, C., & Bernstein, D. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bernstein, David I.
- ORCID
- James, Christine
- Venue
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
- Published
- 2019-02-26
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 403-414
- ISSN
- 1080-0549 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-0267
- PMC
- PMC8215519
- OpenAlex
- W2917808222
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5t32ai060515-15)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32 AI-060515)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (T32ES010957)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- air pollution, traffic-related air pollutants, asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, atopic diseases, early childhood exposure, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, birth cohort, confounding factors
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Allergens, Asthma, Vehicle Emissions, Disease Susceptibility, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Respiratory Tract Diseases
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