The DOI matches its Crossref record; 146 of the 146 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Role of Chemokines in the Development and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurogenerative disorder manifested by gradual memory loss and cognitive decline due to profound damage of cholinergic neurons. The neuropathological hallmarks of AD are intracellular deposits of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ). Mounting evidence indicates that intensified neuroinflammatory processes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Chemokines serve as signaling molecules in immune cells but also in nerve cells. Under normal conditions, neuroinflammation plays a neuroprotective role against various harmful factors. However, overexpression of chemokines initiates disruption of the integrity of the blood–brain barrier, facilitating immune cells infiltration into the brain. Then activated adjacent glial cells–astrocytes and microglia, release massive amounts of chemokines. Prolonged inflammation loses its protective role and drives an increase in Aβ production and aggregation, impairment of its clearance, or enhancement of tau hyperphosphorylation, contributing to neuronal loss and exacerbation of AD. Moreover, chemokines can be further released in response to growing deposits of toxic forms of Aβ. On the other hand, chemokines seem to exert multidimensional effects on brain functioning, including regulation of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in regions responsible for memory and cognitive abilities. Therefore, underexpression or complete genetic ablation of some chemokines can worsen the course of AD. This review covers the current state of knowledge on the role of particular chemokines and their receptors in the development and progression of AD. Special emphasis is given to their impact on forming Aβ and NFTs in humans and in transgenic murine models of AD.
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“consistent with the known capacity of CCL2 to break down the blood brain barrier and recruit peripheral immune cells to sites of damage.58–62”
From TET2-mutant myeloid cells mitigate Alzheimer’s disease progression via CNS infiltration and enhanced phagocytosis in mice (2025) · cites this paper as [60]
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“As the disease progresses, preclinical AD transits to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in which cognition deficits do not affect patients’ performance at work or regular daily activities, but eventually may develop into AD (McKhann et al. 2011; Saido 2013).”
BackgroundA new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif
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“To date, six CXC receptors have been identified, named from CXCR1 to CXCR6, and eleven CC receptors, from CCR1 to CCR11, along with a single receptor for CX3CL1 and one for lymphotactin α/β, called CX3CR1 and XCR1, respectively (Hughes and Nibbs 2018).”
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“This chemokine exists in both soluble and membrane-bound forms (Bajetto et al. 2002; Bazan et al. 1997; Pan et al. 1997).”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Gutiérrez SE, Allison EK, Coleman U, Kingery-Gallagher ND, El Khoury J (2019b) Heterozygous CX3CR1 deficiency in microglia restores neuronal β-amyloid clearance pathways and slows progression of Alzheimer’s like-disease in PS1-APP mice. Front Immunol 10:2780. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02780 · DOI · Paper page
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Jorfi, M., Park, J., Hall, C. K., Lin, C.-C. J., Chen, M., von Maydell, D., Kruskop, J. M., Kang, B., Choi, Y., Prokopenko, D., et al. (2023) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01415-3 · Cited by 214
Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Progression
Andronie-Cioară, F. L., Ardelean, A. I., Nistor-Cseppento, C. D., Jurcău, A., Jurcău, M. C., Pașcalău, N., & Marcu, F. M. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24031869 · Cited by 170
Obesity-induced inflammation: connecting the periphery to the brain
Le Thuc, O., & García-Cáceres, C. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01079-8 · Cited by 125
Kamila, P., Kar, K., Chowdhury, S., Chakraborty, P., Dutta, R., S, S., Singh S, A., & Prajapati, B. G. (2025) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.005 · Cited by 90
Zeng, X., Lafferty, T. K., Sehrawat, A., Chen, Y., Ferreira, P. C. L., Bellaver, B., Povala, G., Kamboh, M. I., Klunk, W. E., Cohen, A. D., et al. (2024) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-024-00753-5 · Cited by 91
Metadata
- Authors
- Wojcieszak, J., Kuczyńska, K., & Zawilska, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Medical University of Lodz (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Zawilska, Jolanta B.
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
- Published
- 2022-07-12
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1929-1951
- ISSN
- 0895-8696 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1166
- PMC
- PMC9392685
- OpenAlex
- W4285089500
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 146
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 17
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Uniwersytet Łódzki (503-31-001)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, chemokines, chemokine receptors, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta, neurofibrillary tangles, blood-brain barrier, microglia, astrocytes, tau hyperphosphorylation, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, cholinergic neurons, transgenic mouse model
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Neurofibrillary Tangles, Microglia, Chemokines, Mice
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