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Low density of sigma1 receptors in early Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Objective The sigma(1) receptor is considered to be involved in cognitive function. A postmortem study reported that the sigma(1) receptors were reduced in the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in vivo imaging of sigma(1) receptors in the brain of AD patients has not been reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the mapping of sigma(1) receptors in AD using [(11)C]SA4503 positron emission tomography (PET).Methods We studied five AD patients and seven elderly volunteers. A dynamic series of decay-corrected PET data acquisition was performed for 90 min starting at the time of the injection of 500 MBq of [(11)C]SA4503. A two-tissue three-compartment model was used to estimate K (1), k (2), k (3), k (4), and the delay between metabolite-corrected plasma and tissue time activity using a Gauss-Newton algorithm. The ratio of k (3) to k (4) was computed as the binding potential (BP), which is linearly related to the density of sigma(1) receptors. Unpaired t tests were used to compare K (1) and BP in patients with AD and normal subjects.Results As compared with normals, BP in the AD was significantly lower in the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobe, cerebellum and thalamus, whereas K (1) was significantly lower in the parietal lobe.Conclusions [(11)C]SA4503 PET can demonstrate that the density of cerebral and cerebellar sigma(1) receptors is reduced in early AD.
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“Instead, in the very early phases of AD, a significant loss of σ1R occurs in the brain [115,116].”
From Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [115]
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“It is worth mentioning that in a human positron emission tomography (PET) study employing [11C]SA4503, a lower density of sigma-1 receptors was found in early Alzheimer's patients compared to age-matched controls (Mishina et al., 2008).”
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“In severely demented Alzheimer’s disease patients (CDR stage 3) expected to have a high degree of cell loss, the density of sigma-2 receptors remains unchanged compared to age-matched normal individuals, while the density of the unrelated sigma-1 receptor is decreased by 54%, as has been previously reported [43].”
The sigma-1 receptor: roles in neuronal plasticity and disease
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“…neuroprotective effects of sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) ligands in animal models of brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (Jansen et al., 1993; Mishina et al., 2008), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Mancuso et al., 2012; Prause et al., 2013), and stroke (Harukuni et al., 2000; Ajmo et al.,…”
BackgroundTargeting ligand-operated chaperone sigma-1 receptors in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders
Hayashi, T., Tsai, S., Mori, T., Fujimoto, M., & Su, T. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.2011.560837 · Cited by 209
“A binding assay using post-mortem brains and PET scans suggested the decrease of sigma-binding sites in brains with Alzheimer’s disease [86,120].”
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“Moreover, SigR1 has already been reported to be decreased in CNS tissue of early stage PD patients and in early AD (38,40,41).”
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The Role of Sigma-1 Receptor, an Intracellular Chaperone in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Penke, B., Fülöp, L., Szűcs, M., & Frecska, E. (2017) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666170529104323 · Cited by 132
“Sig-1R has so far been implicated in illnesses like AD [73, 74], PD [75], cancer [76], cardiac conditions [77] retinal dysfunction, perinatal and traumatic brain injury, ALS, HIV-related dementia, major depression, and psychostimulant addiction [78].”
BackgroundAxonal Endoplasmic Reticulum Dynamics and Its Roles in Neurodegeneration
Öztürk, Z., O’Kane, C. J., & Pérez-Moreno, J. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00048 · Cited by 136
Sigma receptors [σRs]: biology in normal and diseased states
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“In fact, it has been suggested that the lack, or dysfunction, of s1R exacerbates ALS (774) and AD (42).”
BackgroundHyrskyluoto, A., Pulli, I., Törnqvist, K., Ho, T. H., Korhonen, L., & Lindholm, D. (2013) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.170 · Cited by 122
“14,21 Previously it was shown that the levels of Sig-1R are reduced in various neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD.15,16 The mechanisms involved and the functional significance of these changes, however, are not fully understood.”
BackgroundNguyen, L., Lucke-Wold, B. P., Mookerjee, S. A., Kaushal, N., & Matsumoto, R. R. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_10 · Cited by 119
“Mishina and colleagues, for example, used positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C] SA4530 to demonstrate reduced densities of sigma-1 receptors in the frontal, temporal and occipital lobes, cerebellum, and thalamus of early AD patients [138].”
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The Oligomeric States of the Purified Sigma-1 Receptor Are Stabilized by Ligands
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“Because of the broad contributions of S1R in maintaining cellular homeostasis, the receptor has been identified as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer (34) and neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (35), Alzheimer (36), and Parkinson diseases (37), and for retinal neurodegene…”
BackgroundSigmar1’s Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Functions in Regulating Cellular Pathophysiology
Aishwarya, R., Abdullah, C. S., Morshed, M., Remex, N. S., & Bhuiyan, M. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.705575 · Cited by 106
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“11 C-SA4503 has been successfully applied to PET studies of sigma-1 receptors in monkey [141, 142] and human [143-148] brain, including changes of receptor density in Alzheimer’s disease [149], Parkinson’s disease [150] or normal healthy ageing [142, 144], and assessment of sigma-1 receptor occupancy by CNS drugs [151…”
BackgroundVenkataraman, A. V., Mansur, A., Rizzo, G., Bishop, C., Lewis, Y., Kocagoncu, E., Lingford-Hughes, A., Huiban, M., Passchier, J., Rowe, J. B., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abk1051 · Cited by 101
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“Aβ may also be involved in an inflammatory response in AD (Perini et al., 2002). σ1 receptors have been shown to be decreased in patients with AD (Mishina et al., 2008).”
BackgroundNew Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Radioligand for Imaging σ-1 Receptors in Living Subjects
James, M. L., Shen, B., Zavaleta, C. L., Nielsen, C. H., Mésangeau, C., Vuppala, P. K., Chan, C. T., Avery, B. A., Fishback, J. A., Matsumoto, R. R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm300371c · Cited by 94
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“Hyperactive SOCE may contribute to the motor deficiencies in σ1R-knockout mice (Maurice and Su, 2009; Sabino et al., 2009; Mavlyutov et al., 2010) and to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s (Mishina et al., 2008; Ishikawa and Hashimoto, 2009; Hyrskyluoto et al., 2013) and Parkinson’s diseases (Mishina et al., 2005; Hyrsk…”
BackgroundTreatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies
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“Instead, in the very early phases of AD, a significant loss of σ 1R occurs in the brain [115,116].”
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“%) in the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobe, cerebellum and thalamus of early AD patients as compared to healthy controls, but not in the hippocampus [109].”
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“Notably, decreased levels of σ1R have been detected in early stage AD patients [7], and that stimulation of σ1R alleviates the depressive symptoms, neuronal cell death and cognitive deficits in AD mouse models [8,9].”
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“Although Sig-1R is important for UPR regulation during ER stress, it is shown to be decreased in several neurodegenerative disorders, including AD, HD, and PD [118, 119].”
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“In fact, Sig-1R density is significantly lower in AD patients’ brains (68, 119, 167) and genetic studies demonstrated an association between SIGMAR1 polymorphisms and the risk for developing AD (42).”
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“Discussion Sig-1Rs have been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including AD (30, 45, 46), Parkinson’s disease (47, 48), and motor neuron disorders (49–51).”
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Sigma-1 receptor chaperones in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders
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“Indeed, neuroimaging studies revealed that Sig-1Rs are present in lower density in brains from AD patients relative to the brains of healthy individuals [36].”
BackgroundTargeting Sigma Receptors for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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“PET study also revealed loss of sigma-1R from brain of AD patients (Mishina et al. 2008).”
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“The density of S1R binding sites was reduced in several brain regions early in AD in PET imaging experiments with S1R radioligands (Mishina et al., 2008).”
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“Neuroimaging of σ1 receptors by PET in humans is currently being performed by the application of [(11)C]SA4503 which has been used in patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease [23, 24, 45].”
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“S1R was previously described in other neurodegenerative disorders in which oxidative stress is involved [48, 49], strengthening the potential protective effect of pridopidine by activating the S1R.”
BackgroundSubcellular Localization of the Sigma-1 Receptor in Retinal Neurons — an Electron Microscopy Study
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The role of sigma-1 receptors in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases
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Insights into the Sigma‐1 receptor Chaperone's cellular functions: A microarray report
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“, 2005), as well as neurodegerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and motor neuron diseases (Luty et al., 2010; Mavlyutov et al., 2010; Meunier et al., 2006; Mishina et al., 2008).”
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“Furthermore, S1R expression levels are reduced in sporadic ALS [20], Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients [21,22].”
BackgroundMaestrup, E. G., Fischer, S., Wiese, C., Schepmann, D., Hiller, A., Deuther‐Conrad, W., Steinbach, J., Wünsch, B., & Brust, P. (2009) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm900909e · Cited by 50
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“It has been reported that there is a reduction in the number of s-ligand binding sites and s-1 receptors in the brains of patients with AD (Jansen et al., 1993, Mishina et al., 2008).”
BackgroundCellular stress responses in hepatitis C virus infection: Mastering a two-edged sword
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Roles of sigma-1 receptors in Alzheimer's disease.
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Sigma (σ) Receptors as Potential Therapeutic Targets to Mitigate Psychostimulant Effects
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Using sigma-ligands as part of a multi-receptor approach to target diseases of the brain
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“Moreover, a significant reduction in the overall levels of the σ1R protein has been recently reported in the AD-brains [102] and in the lumbar spinal cord of patients suffering amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [103].”
BackgroundIs There a Role for GPCR Agonist Radiotracers in PET Neuroimaging?
Colom, M., Vidal, B., & Zimmer, L. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00255 · Cited by 47
Sigma receptors and neurological disorders
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Role of σ1 Receptors in Learning and Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease-Type Dementia
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“There is a substantial reduction of cortical sigma-1 receptor density by 44 -- 60% in Alzheimer’s disease [47] but not in physiological aging [48].”
BackgroundAfobazole Activation of σ-1 Receptors Modulates Neuronal Responses to Amyloid-β25–35
Behensky, A. A., Yasny, I. E., Shuster, A. M., Середенин, С. Б., Petrov, A. V., & Cuevas, J. (2013) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.113.208330 · Cited by 41
“A loss of s binding sites has been observed in AD, and specific s-1 receptor polymorphisms have been associated with altered risk for this disease (Jansen et al., 1993, Uchida et al., 2005, Mishina et al., 2008, Feher et al., 2012).”
BackgroundTargeting CaN/NFAT in Alzheimer’s brain degeneration
Mackiewicz, J., Lisek, M., & Boczek, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281882 · Cited by 41
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Sun, Y., Yan, C., He, L., Xiang, S., Wang, P., Li, Z., Chen, Y., Zhao, J., Yuan, Y., Wang, W., et al. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.101899 · Cited by 40
PET Agents in Dementia: An Overview
van Waarde, A., Marcolini, S., Deyn, P. P. D., & Dierckx, R. (2021) · Seminars in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.12.008 · Cited by 39
Prasanth, M. I., Malar, D. S., Tencomnao, T., & Brimson, J. M. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2021.1939681 · Cited by 40
Loss of Sigma‐1 Receptor Chaperone Promotes Astrocytosis and Enhances the Nrf2 Antioxidant Defense
Weng, T.-Y., Hung, D. T., Su, T., & Tsai, S. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/4582135 · Cited by 38
“Namely, mutations of the Sig-1R were found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cohorts [24, 25], and reduced density of Sig-1Rs was observed in the cerebral and cerebellar regions of the brain in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients [26].”
BackgroundYamoah, A., Tripathi, P., Sechi, A. S., Köhler, C. N., Guo, H., Chandrasekar, A., Nolte, K. W., Wruck, C. J., Katona, I., Anink, J. J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190722 · Cited by 35
“In addition, they have been shown to be abnormally modified in AD [74–77], Parkinson’s disease [75], Huntington’s disease [78], and ALS [33, 34, 67], disorders that feature distinct ultrastructural ER alterations and defective protein degradation pathways [79].”
Abate, C., Ferorelli, S., Contino, M., Marottoli, R., Colabufo, N. A., Perrone, R., & Berardi, F. (2011) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.057 · Cited by 36
He, Y., Xie, F., Ye, J., Deuther‐Conrad, W., Cui, B., Wang, L., Lu, J., Steinbach, J., Brust, P., Huang, Y. H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01723 · Cited by 35
Sigma-1 receptor is a key genetic modulator in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Couly, S., Khalil, B., Viguier, V., Roussel, J., Maurice, T., & Liévens, J.-C. (2019) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddz267 · Cited by 33
“For instance, S1Rbinding sites are found decreased in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of patients with schizophrenic illness (21, 22) or Alzheimer’s disease (23, 24).”
BackgroundAbate, C., Hornick, J. R., Spitzer, D., Hawkins, W. G., Niso, M., Perrone, R., & Berardi, F. (2011) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm200591t · Cited by 35
Borbély, E., Varga, V. É., Szögi, T., Schuster, I., Bozsó, Z., Penke, B., & Fülöp, L. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23052514 · Cited by 35
Amyloid toxicity is enhanced after pharmacological or genetic invalidation of the σ1 receptor
Maurice, T., Strehaïano, M., Duhr, F., & Chevallier, N. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.010 · Cited by 34
“cerebellum and thalamus in the brain of AD patients compared to controls [23].”
Hong, J., Wang, X., Zhang, T., Zhang, B., & Chen, L. (2017) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.08.007 · Cited by 33
Jia, H., Zhang, Y., & Huang, Y. H. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.033 · Cited by 32
Radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography investigations of Alzheimer’s disease
Någren, K., Halldin, C., & Rinne, J. O. (2009) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-009-1301-z · Cited by 33
“Recently, a PET study using the sigma1 selective tracer [(11)C]SA4503 in five AD patients and seven healthy volunteers demonstrated that the density of cerebral and cerebellar sigma1 receptors were significantly reduced in the AD patients [114].”
Alamri, M. A. (2019) · Bioinformation · doi:10.6026/97320630015586 · Cited by 32
Dentoni, G., Castro‐Aldrete, L., Naia, L., & Ankarcrona, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.920228 · Cited by 32
“Positron emission tomography (PET) using a radioligand for the receptor was used confirming its depletion in the early stages of AD (Mishina et al., 2008).”
MethodIto, K., Hirooka, Y., & Sunagawa, K. (2013) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182970b15 · Cited by 30
“The brain S1R is reported to decrease widely in regions, such as the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and thalamus, in Alzheimer disease.(30) Therefore, the reduction of S1R may be caused ubiquitously in the brain of MI-mice, and it may be partly involved in sympathoexcitation and mental disorder.”
BackgroundRybczynska, A. A., Elsinga, P. H., Sijbesma, J. W. A., Ishiwata, K., de Jong, J. R., de Vries, E. F. J., Dierckx, R. A. J. O., & van Waarde, A. (2009) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-009-1076-2 · Cited by 30
“C-SA4503 has been used extensively for PET studies of animal tumours [2, 22–24] and the human brain [25–28].”
Method2‐Aminopyridine Derivatives as Potential σ2 Receptor Antagonists
Abate, C., Ferorelli, S., Niso, M., Lovicario, C., Infantino, V., Convertini, P., Perrone, R., & Berardi, F. (2012) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.201200246 · Cited by 30
Yin, J., Sha, S., Chen, T., Wang, C., Hong, J., Jie, P., Zhou, R., Li, L., Sokabe, M., & Chen, L. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.09.027 · Cited by 30
“emission tomography (PET) with [11C] SA4503 has revealed that the densities of cerebral and cerebellar s1R are reduced in early AD brains (Mishina et al., 2008).”
Brust, P., Deuther‐Conrad, W., Becker, G., Patt, M., Donat, C. K., Stittsworth, S., Fischer, S., Hiller, A., Wenzel, B., Dukić-Stefanović, S., et al. (2014) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.114.137562 · Cited by 29
“A reduction of 26% in postmortem 3H-1, 3 di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG) binding studies was detected in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s patients (3), and in vivo 11C-SA4503 imaging studies demonstrated a reduction of at least 25% in the regions of interest in both Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s patients (4,5).”
BackgroundMethodAbatematteo, F. S., Niso, M., Contino, M., Leopoldo, M., & Abate, C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22126359 · Cited by 31
“Importantly, in patients with AD, a reduction of σ1 receptor density [20] has been demonstrated.”
BackgroundThe Sigma Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease: New Potential Targets for Diagnosis and Therapy
Wang, T., & Jia, H. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241512025 · Cited by 30
The Sigma Enigma: A Narrative Review of Sigma Receptors
Pergolizzi, J. V., Varrassi, G., Coleman, M., Breve, F., Christo, D. K., Christo, P. J., & Moussa, C. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.35756 · Cited by 29
“It is believed that the loss of sigma-1 receptors in the brain occurs early in the course of Alzheimer’s disease, mainly affecting the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes [67].”
BackgroundNiso, M., Riganti, C., Pati, M. L., Ghigo, D., Berardi, F., & Abate, C. (2015) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.201402712 · Cited by 27
In vitro and in vivo sigma 1 receptor imaging studies in different disease states
Agha, H. M., & McCurdy, C. R. (2020) · RSC Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d0md00186d · Cited by 26
Wang, X., Li, D., Deuther‐Conrad, W., Lü, J., Xie, Y., Jia, B., Cui, M., Steinbach, J., Brust, P., Liu, B., et al. (2014) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm5009488 · Cited by 26
Li, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Deuther‐Conrad, W., Xie, F., Zhang, X., Liu, J., Qiao, J., Cui, M., Steinbach, J., et al. (2013) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm301734g · Cited by 26
Sigma-1 receptor agonists as potential protective therapies in multiple sclerosis
Lisak, R. P., Nedelkoska, L., & Benjamins, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577188 · Cited by 25
Chaperone-Dependent Mechanisms as a Pharmacological Target for Neuroprotection
Воронин, М. В., Абрамова, Е. В., Verbovaya, E. R., Vakhitova, Y. V., & Середенин, С. Б. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24010823 · Cited by 27
“These results are consistent with positron emission tomography (PET) data, showing reduced distribution of cortical Sigma1R in the early phase of AD [162].”
ResultRole of Sigma-1 Receptor in Cocaine Abuse and Neurodegenerative Disease
Cai, Y. C., Yang, L., Niu, F., Liao, K., & Buch, S. J. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_12 · Cited by 24
4-Nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole derivatives as potential fluorescent sigma receptor probes
Schininà, B., Martorana, A., Colabufo, N. A., Contino, M., Niso, M., Perrone, M. G., Guidi, G. D., Catalfo, A., Rappazzo, G., Zuccarello, E., et al. (2015) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra08639f · Cited by 23
Mutational Analysis of Sigma-1 Receptor’s Role in Synaptic Stability
Ryskamp, D. A., Zhemkov, V., & Bezprozvanny, I. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01012 · Cited by 21
Maisonial‐Besset, A., Maestrup, E. G., Fischer, S., Hiller, A., Scheunemann, M., Wiese, C., Schepmann, D., Steinbach, J., Deuther‐Conrad, W., Wünsch, B., et al. (2011) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.201100108 · Cited by 21
Qian, B., Li, T., Zheng, Z.-X., Zhang, H., Xu, W., Mo, S.-M., Cui, J., Chen, W.-J., Lin, Y., & Lin, Z. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134466 · Cited by 20
Maisonial‐Besset, A., Maestrup, E. G., Wiese, C., Hiller, A., Schepmann, D., Fischer, S., Deuther‐Conrad, W., Steinbach, J., Brust, P., & Wünsch, B. (2011) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.002 · Cited by 20
MERCs. The Novel Assistant to Neurotransmission?
Shirokova, O. M., Pchelin, P. V., & Mukhina, I. V. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.589319 · Cited by 20
“Besides, a life-time decline in SIGMA1R distribution was demonstrated in the cerebral cortex of patients with AD already at the early stage of the disease (Mishina et al., 2008).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Mishina, M., Ohyama, M., Ishii, K., Kitamura, S., Kimura, Y., Oda, K.-I., Kawamura, K., Sasaki, T., Kobayashi, S., Katayama, Y., & Ishiwata, K.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (JP)
- Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital (JP)
- Chiba Hokusou Hospital (JP)
- Nippon Medical School (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Mishina, Masahiro
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Nuclear Medicine
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 151-156
- ISSN
- 0914-7187 (ISSN-L)
- 1864-6433
- OpenAlex
- W2169525045
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- repo.qst.go.jp
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Annals of Nuclear Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- QST-Repository (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacological Receptor Mechanisms and Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- sigma-1 receptor, Alzheimer's disease, early Alzheimer's disease, receptor binding potential, receptor density
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Brain Chemistry, Carbon Radioisotopes, Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Male, Piperazines, Thalamus, Tissue Distribution, Receptors, sigma, Radiopharmaceuticals, Positron-Emission Tomography
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