The DOI matches its Crossref record; 150 of the 150 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emerging role of Toll-like receptors in the control of pain and itch
Open accessAbstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors that initiate innate immune responses by recognizing molecular structures shared by a wide range of pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). After tissue injury or cellular stress, TLRs also detect endogenous ligands known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs are expressed in both non-neuronal and neuronal cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and contribute to both infectious and non-infectious disorders in the CNS. Following tissue insult and nerve injury, TLRs (such as TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4) induce the activation of microglia and astrocytes and the production of the proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord, leading to the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. In particular, primary sensory neurons, such as nociceptors, express TLRs (e.g., TLR4 and TLR7) to sense exogenous PAMPs and endogenous DAMPs released after tissue injury and cellular stress. These neuronal TLRs are new players in the processing of pain and itch by increasing the excitability of primary sensory neurons. Given the prevalence of chronic pain and itch and the suffering of affected people, insights into TLR signaling in the nervous system will open a new avenue for the management of clinical pain and itch.
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1 retracted
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Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene
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A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
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“For example, TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 detect lipoproteins [9] [10] ; TLR3 and TLR7/8 sense double-stranded and single-stranded RNAs, respect- ively [11] [12] [13] [14] ; TLR4 responds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [15] [16] ; TLR5 detects flagellin [17] ; TLR9 senses CpG DNA [18] [19] ; and TLR11 senses profilin-like protei…”
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pain
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Cited by
Bacteria activate sensory neurons that modulate pain and inflammation
Chiu, I. M., Heesters, B. A., Ghasemlou, N., Von Hehn, C. A., Zhao, F., Tran, J., Wainger, B., Strominger, A., Muralidharan, S., Horswill, A. R., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12479 · Cited by 949
Cao, X. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2015.8 · Cited by 665
Neurogenic neuroinflammation: inflammatory CNS reactions in response to neuronal activity
Xanthos, D. N., & Sandkühler, J. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3617 · Cited by 580
Astrocytes in chronic pain and itch
Ji, R.-R., Donnelly, C. R., & Nedergaard, M. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0218-1 · Cited by 538
Self-citationChapman, C. R., & Vierck, C. J. (2017) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.11.004 · Cited by 423
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, T., Gao, Y.-J., & Ji, R.-R.
- Venue
- Neuroscience Bulletin
- Published
- 2012-02-29
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-144
- ISSN
- 1995-8218 (ISSN-L)
- 1673-7067
- OpenAlex
- W2033106089
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 150
- FWCI
- 15.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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