Sex Differences in Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) in the Heart: Implications for Imaging Myocardial Inflammation
Open accessAbstract
Myocarditis is more severe in men than in women and difficult to diagnose due to a lack of imaging modalities that directly detect myocardial inflammation. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is used extensively to image brain inflammation due to its presence in CD11b(+) brain microglia. In this study, we examined expression of TSPO and CD11b in mice with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) myocarditis and biopsy sections from myocarditis patients in order to determine if it could be used to image myocarditis. We found that male mice with CVB3 myocarditis upregulated more genes associated with TSPO activation than female mice. TSPO expression was increased in the heart of male mice and men with myocarditis compared with female subjects due to testosterone, where it was expressed predominantly in CD11b(+) immune cells. We show that TSPO ligands detect myocardial inflammation using microSPECT, with increased uptake of [(125)I]-IodoDPA-713 in male mice with CVB3 myocarditis compared with undiseased controls.
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The majority of immune cells in the heart during acute myocarditis in EAM, autoimmune CVB3 myocarditis model, and humans are CD11b+ cells that include neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and some dendritic cells.
“The majority of immune cells in the heart during acute myocarditis in EAM, the autoimmune CVB3 myocarditis model, and humans are CD11b+ cells that include neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and some dendritic cells. 124,146,152,159”
From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [159]
The Introduction reports that CD11b+ cells make up around 80% of the inflammatory infiltrate during acute CVB3 myocarditis. The Results section, “TSPO Expression in Cardiac CD11b+ Immune Cells,” says most inflammatory cells in the hearts of the myocarditis patients examined express CD11b. Our copy does not establish the same finding for EAM or identify the CD11b+ cells as the full listed set of neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and some dendritic cells. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Fairweather, D., Coronado, M. J., Garton, A. E., Dziedzic, J. L., Bucek, A., Cooper, L. T., Brandt, J. E., Alikhan, F. S., Wang, H., Endres, C. J., Choi, J., Pomper, M. G., & Guilarte, T. R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fairweather, DeLisa
- Guilarte, Tomás R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
- Published
- 2014-01-09
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 192-202
- ISSN
- 1937-5387 (ISSN-L)
- 1937-5395
- PMC
- PMC3951973
- OpenAlex
- W2086097725
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- FIU - Digital Commons (Florida International University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01es007062-24)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL087033, R01HL111938, HL111938, HL087033)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES 07141, T32ES007062, R01-ES007062, ES-07062, T32ES007141, P30ES009089)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Keywords
- translocator protein (TSPO), TSPO, myocarditis, sex differences, coxsackievirus B3, CD11b, microglia, testosterone, TSPO ligands, micro-SPECT, cardiac inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Acetamides, Animals, Biopsy, Disease Models, Animal, Enterovirus Infections, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Myocarditis, Myocardium, Orchiectomy, Predictive Value of Tests, Pyrimidines, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Testosterone, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Biomarkers, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Receptors, GABA, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Enterovirus B, Human, CD11b Antigen, Mice, Molecular Imaging, Multimodal Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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