The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells are Reduced in a Subpopulation of Autistic Brains: A Stereological Experiment Using Calbindin-D28k
Abstract
Although a decreased number of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) in the autistic brain has been widely reported with a variety of qualitative and quantitative methods, the more accurate method of cell counting with modern stereology has not yet been employed. An additional possible problem with prior reports is the use of Nissl staining to identify the PCs, as this can miss cells due to staining irregularities. In the present study, PCs were immunostained for calbindin-D28k (CB), as this has been shown to be a more reliable marker for PCs than the Nissl stain, with more than 99% of the PCs immunopositive (Whitney, Kemper, Rosene, Bauman, Blatt, J Neurosci Methods 168:42-47, 2008). Using stereology and CB immunostaining, the density of PCs was determined in serial sections from a consistently defined area of the cerebellar hemisphere in four control and six autistic brains, with the density of PCs then correlated with the clinical severity of autism. Overall, there was no significant difference in the density of PCs between the autistic and control groups. However, three of six autistic brains had PC numbers that fell within the control range, whereas the remaining three autistic brains revealed a reduction compared with the control brains. These data demonstrate that a reduction in cerebellar PCs was not a consistent feature of these autistic brains and that it occurred without discernible correlation between their density and the clinical features or severity of autism.
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In the citing paper
“epigenetic anomalies in histone methylation patterns may contribute to the cerebellum neuroanatomical alterations, especially concerning Purkinje cells, observed in some individuals with ASD [for a review of cerebellar abnormalities reported in autism, see Ref. (184) and (185)].”
From Gene × Environment Interactions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms (2014) · cites this paper as [185]
In the citing paper
“Whitney et al. [6] has suggested that the presence of reduced numbers of PCs in the brains of autistic individuals may not be present in all cases. In three of the six brains of autistic individuals, the number of PCs closely approximated that of the controls.”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“almost all of the postmortem brains of autistic individuals studied to date, regardless of age, sex, and cognitive ability, have shown a significant decrease in the number of Purkinje cells (PC), primarily in the posterolateral neocerebellar cortex and adjacent archicerebellar cortex of the cerebellar hemispheres [4–7].”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“In the brains of autistic individuals with loss of PCs there is no neuronal loss in the synaptically related inferior olive. This tight relationship is established shortly before birth. Once this bond is made, any loss of PCs thereafter results in an obligatory retrograde cell loss of inferior olivary neurons [6, 10, 11].”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“The most consistently reported neuropathology is a reduction in cerebellar Purkinje cells, the sole outflow of cerebellar cortex [6, 120].”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
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Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism
Fatemi, S. H., Aldinger, K. A., Ashwood, P., Bauman, M. L., Blaha, C. D., Blatt, G. J., Chauhan, A., Chauhan, V., Dager, S. R., Dickson, P. E., et al. (2012) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-012-0355-9 · Cited by 723
Self-citationRose, S., Melnyk, S., Pavliv, O., Bai, S., Nick, T. G., Frye, R. E., & James, S. J. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.61 · Cited by 480
GABA system dysfunction in autism and related disorders: From synapse to symptoms
Coghlan, S., Horder, J., Inkster, B., Méndez, M. A., Murphy, D., & Nutt, D. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.005 · Cited by 459
Stoodley, C. J., D’Mello, A. M., Ellegood, J., Jakkamsetti, V., Liu, P., Nebel, M. B., Gibson, J. M., Kelly, E., Meng, F., Cano, C. A., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0004-1 · Cited by 387
Hashemi, E., Ariza, J., Rogers, H., Noctor, S. C., & Martínez-Cerdeño, V. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw021 · Cited by 322
Metadata
- Authors
- Whitney, E. R., Kemper, T. L., Bauman, M. L., Rosene, D. L., & Blatt, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whitney, Elizabeth R.
- Venue
- The Cerebellum
- Published
- 2008-06-28
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 406-416
- ISSN
- 1473-4222 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-4230
- OpenAlex
- W2136932965
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- The Cerebellum (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Hussman Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD039459, HD39459)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- Purkinje cells, autism spectrum disorder, calbindin-D28k, stereology, cell counting, cerebellum, Nissl staining
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Cerebellum, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Purkinje Cells, Reference Values, Severity of Illness Index, Biomarkers, Young Adult, Calbindins, S100 Calcium Binding Protein G, Calbindin 1
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