Analysis of brain metabolism by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder suggests a generalized differential ontogenic pattern from controls
Open accessAbstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder of childhood. Preliminary studies with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the brain have reported differences in brain metabolite concentration-to-Cr ratios between individuals with ADHD and unaffected controls in several frontal brain regions including anterior cingulate cortex. Using multivoxel (1)H-MRS, we compared 14 individuals affected with ADHD to 20 individuals without ADHD from the same genetic isolate. After controlling by sex, age, and multiple testing, we found significant differences at the right posterior cingulate of the Glx/Cr ratio density distribution function between ADHD cases and controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found several interactions of metabolite concentration-to-Cr ratio, age, and ADHD status: Ins/Cr and Glx/Cr ratios at the left posterior cingulate, and NAA/Cr at the splenius, right posterior cingulate, and at the left posterior cingulate. We also found a differential metabolite ratio interaction between ADHD cases and controls for Ins/Cr and NAA/Cr at the right striatum. These results show that: (1) NAA/Cr, Glx/Cr, and Ins/Cr ratios, as reported in other studies, exhibit significant differences between ADHD cases and controls; (2) differences of these metabolite ratios between ADHD cases and controls evolve in specific and recognizable patterns throughout age, a finding that replicates previous results obtained by structural MRI, where is demonstrated that brain ontogeny follows a different program in ADHD cases and controls; (3) Ins/Cr and NAA/Cr ratios, at the right striatum, interact in a differential way between ADHD cases and controls. As a whole, these results replicate previous 1H-MRS findings and add new intriguing differential metabolic and ontogeny patterns between ADHD cases and controls that warrant further pursue.
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Proton MRI studies have reported glutamatergic deficits in frontal cortical and striatal regions in individuals with ADHD that may be related to cognitive control and symptom severity.
“Studies examining neurometabolism using proton MRIs have reported glutamatergic deficits in the frontal cortical and striatal regions in individuals with ADHD that may be related to cognitive control and symptom severity (12, 222, 223).”
From The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: Relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities (2018) · cites this paper as [223]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports a lower Glx/Cr ratio in the right anterior cingulate cortex of adults with ADHD, supporting a frontal-region deficit in that population. But it reports higher Glx/Cr ratios in frontal-striatal regions in other studies, and the Results (page unavailable) do not establish a striatal glutamatergic deficit or a link to cognitive control or symptom severity. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Arcos-Burgos, M., Londoño, A. C., Pineda, D. A., Lopera, F., Palacio, J. D., Arbelaez, A., Acosta, M. T., Vélez, J. I., Castellanos, F. X., & Muenke, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Antioquia (CO)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Muenke, Maximilian
- ORCID
- Venue
- ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
- Published
- 2012-07-20
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 205-212
- ISSN
- 1866-6116 (ISSN-L)
- 1866-6647
- PMC
- PMC3508358
- OpenAlex
- W1982266128
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Repositorio Digital - Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidad de Antioquia
- National Institutes of Health
- National Human Genome Research Institute (ZIAHG000175)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, brain metabolism, 1H NMR, NAA/Cr ratio, posterior cingulate cortex, striatum, brain ontogeny, age-related metabolic changes, genetic isolate
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aspartic Acid, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Choline, Creatine, Female, Glutamine, Humans, Inositol, Male, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Protons, Linear Models, Case-Control Studies, Glutamic Acid, Statistics, Nonparametric, Functional Neuroimaging
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