Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: brain imaging, molecular genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis

Swanson, James M.; Kinsbourne, Marcel; Nigg, Joel; Lanphear, Bruce; Stefanatos, Gerry A.; Volkow, Nora; Taylor, Eric; Casey, B. J.; Castellanos, F. Xavier; Wadhwa, Pathik D.

doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9019-9

Cited by 580Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: brain imaging, molecular genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis

Swanson, James M., Kinsbourne, Marcel, Nigg, Joel, Lanphear, Bruce, Stefanatos, Gerry A., Volkow, Nora, Taylor, Eric, Casey, B. J. +2 more·2007·Neuropsychology Review

DOI 10.1007/s11065-007-9019-9

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Multiple theories of Attention-Deficit/Hyper-activity Disorder (ADHD) have been proposed, but one that has stood the test of time is the dopamine deficit theory. We review the narrow literature from recent brain imaging and molecular genetic studies that has improved our understanding of the role of dopamine in manifestation of symptoms of ADHD, performance deficits on neuropsychological tasks, and response to stimulant medication that constitutes the most common treatment of this disorder. First, we consider evidence of the presence of dopamine deficits based on the recent literature that (1) confirms abnormalities in dopamine-modulated frontal-striatal circuits, reflected by size (smaller-than-average components) and function (hypoactivation); (2) clarifies the agonist effects of stimulant medication on dopaminergic mechanisms at the synaptic and circuit level of analysis; and (3) challenges the most-widely accepted ADHD-related neural abnormality in the dopamine system (higher-than-normal dopamine transporter [DAT] density). Second, we discuss possible genetic etiologies of dopamine deficits based on recent molecular genetic literature, including (1) multiple replications that confirm the association of ADHD with candidate genes related to the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and the DAT; (2) replication of differences in performance of neuropsychological tasks as a function of the DRD4 genotype; and (3) multiple genome-wide linkage scans that demonstrate the limitations of this method when applied to complex disorders but implicate additional genes that may contribute to the genetic basis of ADHD. Third, we review possible environmental etiologies of dopamine deficits based on recent studies of (1) toxic substances that may affect the dopamine system in early development and contribute substantially to the etiology of ADHD; (2) fetal adaptations in dopamine systems in response to stress that may alter early development with lasting effects, as proposed by the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis; and (3) gene-environment interactions that may moderate selective damage or adaptation of dopamine neurons. Based on these reviews, we identify critical issues about etiologic subtypes of ADHD that may involve dopamine, discuss methods that could be used to address these issues, and review old and new theories that may direct research in this area in the future.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s11065-007-9019-9

Cites

159 of 159 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The dopamine system is implicated in ADHD and may affect both emotional and non-emotional processing.
“This neuromodulatory system is implicated in ADHD (Swanson et al., 2007; Volkow et al., 2009) and may affect both emotional and non-emotional processing.”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Swanson et al., 2007
Changes in dopaminergic signaling have long been implicated in ADHD.
“Regarding the latter, changes in dopaminergic signaling have long been implicated in ADHD ( [48], but see [49])”
From Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention (2017) · cites this paper as [48]

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
(2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.5505/kpd · Cited by 13,703 · see citing works
A neural substrate of prediction and reward
Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593 · Cited by 9,388 · see citing works
Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083968 · Cited by 8,120 · see citing works
A JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
Lindemann, L., Jaeschke, G., Michalon, A., Vieira, E., Honer, M., Spooren, W., Porter, R., Hartung, T., Kolczewski, S., Büttelmann, B., et al. (1909) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1909.02550020033007 · Cited by 7,865 · see citing works
The Future of Genetic Studies of Complex Human Diseases
Risch, N., & Merikangas, K. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5281.1516 · Cited by 5,355 · see citing works
The American Journal of Human Genetics
S., J. (1950) · Population · doi:10.2307/1523704 · Cited by 5,122 · see citing works
Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children
Caspi, A., McClay, J., Moffitt, T. E., Mill, J., Martin, J., Craig, I. W., Taylor, A., & Poulton, R. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072290 · Cited by 4,842 · see citing works
WEIGHT IN INFANCY AND DEATH FROM ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE
Barker, D. J. P., Osmond, C., Winter, P. D., Margetts, B., & Simmonds, S. J. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90710-1 · Cited by 3,574 · see citing works
A 14-Month Randomized Clinical Trial of Treatment Strategies for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.12.1073 · Cited by 3,372 · see citing works
A Mitochondrial Paradigm of Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Aging, and Cancer: A Dawn for Evolutionary Medicine
Wallace, D. C. (2005) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.110304.095751 · Cited by 3,185 · see citing works
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
D., C. P. (1979) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421932 · Cited by 2,935 · see citing works
Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of School-Aged Children Who Were Born Preterm: A Meta-analysis
Bhutta, A. T., Cleves, M. A., Casey, P. H., Cradock, M. M., & Anand, K. J. S. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.6.728 · Cited by 2,392 · see citing works
Low-Level Environmental Lead Exposure and Children’s Intellectual Function: An International Pooled Analysis
Lanphear, B. P., Hornung, R., Khoury, J., Yolton, K., Baghurst, P., Bellinger, D. C., Canfield, R. L., Dietrich, K. N., Bornschein, R., Greene, T., et al. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7688 · Cited by 2,205 · see citing works
Self-citation
Living with the Past: Evolution, Development, and Patterns of Disease
Gluckman, P. D., & Hanson, M. A. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1095292 · Cited by 1,921 · see citing works
Developmental Trajectories of Brain Volume Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Castellanos, F. X. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.14.1740 · Cited by 1,646 · see citing works
Self-citation
ALSPAC–The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Golding, Pembrey, Jones, & The Alspac Study Team (2001) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00325.x · Cited by 1,549 · see citing works
Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene: Longitudinal evidence of a gene X environment interaction
Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Cannon, M., McClay, J., Murray, R., Harrington, H., Taylor, A., Arseneault, L., Williams, B., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.026 · Cited by 1,409 · see citing works
Gene–environment interactions in psychiatry: joining forces with neuroscience
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1925 · Cited by 1,300 · see citing works
CARBOPLATIN OR CISPLATIN?
Calvert, H., Horwich, A., Newlands, E. S., Beǵent, R. H. J., Rustin, G. J. S., Kaye, S. B., Harris, A. L., Williams, C. J., & Slevin, M. L. (1988) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92709-2 · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
Clinics in Developmental Medicine
Humphreys, P. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4831-9649-7.50021-9 · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
Gene-environment interplay and psychopathology: multiple varieties but real effects
Rutter, M., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01557.x · Cited by 1,058 · see citing works
THE BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN RECEIVING BENZEDRINE
Bradley, C. (1937) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.94.3.577 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Hypofrontality in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during higher-order motor control: a study with functional MRI
Rubia, K., Overmeyer, S., Taylor, E., Brammer, M., Williams, S. C. R., Simmons, A., & Bullmore, E. T. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.6.891 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association of attention-deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene.
Cook, E. H., Stein, M. A., Krasowski, M. D., Cox, N. J., Olkon, D. M., Kieffer, J. E., & LEVENTHAL, B. L. (1995) · PubMed Central · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Adults with Hyperactivity of Childhood Onset
Zametkin, A. J., NORDAHL, T. E., Gross, M., King, A. C., Semple, W. E., Rumsey, J. M., Hamburger, S., & Cohen, R. M. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199011153232001 · Cited by 962 · see citing works
Maternal Genistein Alters Coat Color and Protects Avy Mouse Offspring from Obesity by Modifying the Fetal Epigenome
Dolinoy, D. C., Weidman, J. R., Waterland, R. A., & Jirtle, R. L. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8700 · Cited by 932 · see citing works
Variance Components Models for Gene–Environment Interaction in Twin Analysis
Purcell, S. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202762342026 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Reversal of maternal programming of stress responses in adult offspring through methyl supplementation: altering epigenetic marking later in life
Weaver, I. C. G., Champagne, F. A., Brown, S. E., Dymov, S., Sharma, S., Meaney, M. J., & Szyf, M. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3652-05.2005 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Valera, E. M., Faraone, S. V., Murray, K. E., & Seidman, L. J. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.011 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Dopamine transporter occupancies in the human brain induced by therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Gatley, S. J., Logan, J., Ding, Y.-S., Hitzemann, R., & Pappas, N. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.10.1325 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Self-citation
Role of Serotonin in the Paradoxical Calming Effect of Psychostimulants on Hyperactivity
Gainetdinov, R. R., Wetsel, W. C., Jones, S. R., Levin, E. D., Jaber, M., & Caron, M. G. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5400.397 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
American Journal of Psychiatry
Ketzenberger, K. E. (2008) · Encyclopedia of Special Education · doi:10.1002/9780470373699.speced0109 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
Selective effects of methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a functional magnetic resonance study
Vaidya, C. J., Austin, G., Kirkorian, G., Ridlehuber, H. W., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14494 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
The dual pathway model of AD/HD: an elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.08.005 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Implication of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
CASEY, B. J., CASTELLANOS, F. X., GIEDD, J. N., MARSH, W. L., HAMBURGER, S. D., SCHUBERT, A. B., VAUSS, Y. C., VAITUZIS, A. C., DICKSTEIN, D. P., SARFATTI, S. E., et al. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199703000-00016 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention
Melara, R. D. (2004) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483328768.n11 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Early nutrition, epigenetic changes at transposons and imprinted genes, and enhanced susceptibility to adult chronic diseases
Waterland, R. A., & Jirtle, R. L. (2003) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2003.09.011 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Minimal brain dysfunction in children
Rumer, D. (1971) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(71)80127-2 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Maternal Lifestyle Factors in Pregnancy Risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Associated Behaviors: Review of the Current Evidence
Linnet, K. M., Dalsgaard, S., Obel, C., Wisborg, K., Henriksen, T. B., Rodriguez, A., Kotimaa, A., Moilanen, I., Thomsen, P. H., Olsen, J., et al. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1028 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Gerasimov, M., Maynard, L., Ding, Y.-S., Gatley, S. J., Gifford, A., & Franceschi, D. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-02-j0001.2001 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Self-citation
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
Gillman, M. W. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme058187 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of the association between the 7-repeat allele of the dopamine D(4) receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Faraone, S., Doyle, A., Mick, E., & Biederman, J. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1052 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Longitudinal Mapping of Cortical Thickness and Clinical Outcome in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Shaw, P., Lerch, J., Greenstein, D., Sharp, W., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Giedd, J., Castellanos, F. X., & Rapoport, J. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.540 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dopamine transporter density in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Dougherty, D. D., Bonab, A. A., Spencer, T. J., Rauch, S. L., Madras, B. K., & Fischman, A. J. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04030-1 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
LaHoste, G. J., Swanson, J. M., Wigal, S. B., Glabe, C. G., Wigal, T. L., King, N., & Kennedy, J. L. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuropsychopharmacological mechanisms of stimulant drug action in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review and integration
Solanto, M. V. (1998) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00175-7 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Maternal care as a model for experience-dependent chromatin plasticity?
Meaney, M. J., & Szyf, M. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.07.006 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention
(2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003048916 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
(2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118381953 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Self-citation
Brain Morphology in Developmental Dyslexia and Attention Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity
Hynd, G. W., Semrud‐Clikeman, M., Lorys, A. R., Novey, E. S., & Eliopulos, D. (1990) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530080107018 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
An integrative theory of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences
NIGG, J. T., & CASEY, B. J. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050376 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is Methylphenidate Like Cocaine?: Studies on Their Pharmacokinetics and Distribution in the Human Brain
Volkow, N. D. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950180042006 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exposures to environmental toxicants and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children
Braun, J. M., Kahn, R. S., Froehlich, T., Auinger, P., & Lanphear, B. P. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9478 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Self-citation
The analysis of 51 genes in DSM-IV combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association signals in DRD4, DAT1 and 16 other genes
Brookes, K., Xu, X., Chen, W., Zhou, K., Neale, B., Lowe, N., Aneey, R., Franke, B., Gill, M., Ebstein, R., et al. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001869 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuropsychologic Theory and Findings in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The State of the Field and Salient Challenges for the Coming Decade
Nigg, J. T. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.011 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Self-citation
Case-Control Study of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Maternal Smoking, Alcohol Use, and Drug Use During Pregnancy
Mick, E. O., Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Sayer, J., & Kleinman, S. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200204000-00009 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Variables That Affect the Clinical Use and Abuse of Methylphenidate in the Treatment of ADHD
Volkow, N. D., & Swanson, J. M. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1909 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Self-citation
Stimulants: Therapeutic Actions in ADHD
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301164 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
CATECHOLAMINE UPTAKE BY SYNAPTOSOMES IN HOMOGENATES OF RAT BRAIN: STEREOSPECIFICITY IN DIFFERENT AREAS
Coyle, J. T., & Snyder, S. H. (1969) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)28416-6 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
An integrated epigenetic and genetic approach to common human disease
BJORNSSON, H. (2004) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2004.06.009 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Dopamine genes and ADHD
Swanson, J. M., Flodman, P. L., Kennedy, J., Spence, M. A., Moyzis, R. K., Schuck, S. E. B., Murias, M., Moriarity, J., Barr, C. L., Smith, M., et al. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00062-7 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Self-citation
Catecholamines in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Current Perspectives
Pliszka, S. R., McCracken, J. T., & Maas, J. W. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199603000-00006 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Psychoneuroendocrine processes in human pregnancy influence fetal development and health
Wadhwa, P. D. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.004 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children?
Milberger, S., Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Chen, L., & Jones, J. T. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.9.1138 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and asymmetry of the caudate nucleus.
Hynd, G. W., Hern, K. L., Novey, E. S., Eliopulos, D., Marshall, R., Gonzalez, J. J., & Voeller, K. K. (1993) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307389300800409 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Corpus Callosum Morphology in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: Morphometric Analysis of MRI
Hynd, G. W., Semrud‐Clikeman, M., Lorys, A. R., Novey, E. S., Eliopulos, D., & Lyytinen, H. (1991) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221949102400302 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Toward a Pathophysiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivint Disorder
Castellanos, F. X. (1997) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/000992289703600702 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fundamentals of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Circuits and Pathways
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2006) · The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene with a refined phenotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a family-based approach
Swanson, J. M., Sunohara, G., Kennedy, J. L., Regino, R., Fineberg, E. S., Wigal, T. L., Lerner, M., Williams, L., LaHoste, G. J., & Wigal, S. B. (1998) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000354 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Self-citation
Textbook of Clinical Neuropsychology
(2017) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315271743 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Cohort profile: The Southampton Women's Survey
Inskip, H. M., Godfrey, K. M., Robinson, S. M., Law, C., Barker, D. J. P., & Cooper, C. C. (2005) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyi202 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Relationship between blockade of dopamine transporters by oral methylphenidate and the increases in extracellular dopamine: therapeutic implications
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Franceschi, D., Maynard, L., Ding, Y., Gatley, S. J., Gifford, A., Zhu, W., et al. (2002) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10038 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Self-citation
A genomewide scan for loci involved in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Fisher, S. E., Francks, C., McCracken, J. T., McGough, J. J., Marlow, A., MacPhie, I. L., Newbury, D., Crawford, L., Palmer, C. G. S., Woodward, J., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/340112 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
The emerging science of epigenomics
Callinan, P. A., & Feinberg, A. P. (2006) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl095 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
A common haplotype of the dopamine transporter gene associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and interacting with maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy.
Brookes, K., Mill, J., Guindalini, C., Curran, S., Xu, X.-H., Knight, J., Chen, C.-K., Huang, Y.-S., Sethna, V., Taylor, E., et al. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.1.74 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Self-citation
Are Stimulants Overprescribed? Treatment of ADHD in Four U.S. Communities
Jensen, P. S., KETTLE, L., Roper, M., Sloan, M., Dulcan, M. K., Hoven, C. W., Bird, H., Bauermeister, J. J., & PAYNE, J. D. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199907000-00008 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
A COMPARISON OF THE CAPACITIES OF ISOMERS OF AMPHETAMINE, DEOXYPIPRADROL AND METHYLPHENIDATE TO INHIBIT THE UPTAKE OF TRITIATED CATECHOLAMINES INTO RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX SLICES, SYNAPTOSOMAL PREPARATIONS OF RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX, HYPOTHALAMUS AND STRIATUM AND INTO ADRENERGIC NERVES OF RABBIT AORTA
Ferris, R. M., Tang, F. L. M., & Maxwell, R. A. (1972) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)29222-9 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Expectation Enhances the Regional Brain Metabolic and the Reinforcing Effects of Stimulants in Cocaine Abusers
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Ma, Y., Fowler, J. S., Zhu, W., Maynard, L., Telang, F., Vaska, P., Ding, Y.-S., Wong, C., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-36-11461.2003 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citation
Task-Specific Hypoactivation in Prefrontal and Temporoparietal Brain Regions During Motor Inhibition and Task Switching in Medication-Naive Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Smith, A. B., Taylor, E., Brammer, M., Toone, B., & Rubia, K. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1044 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evolution and Revolution in Child Psychiatry: ADHD as a Disorder of Adaptation
Jensen, P. S., Mrazek, D. A., Knapp, P., Steinberg, L. D., Pfeffer, C. R., Schowalter, J. E., & Shapiro, T. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199712000-00015 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Role of dopamine transporter genotype and maternal prenatal smoking in childhood hyperactive-impulsive, inattentive, and oppositional behaviors
Kahn, R. S., Khoury, J. C., Nichols, W. C., & Lanphear, B. P. (2003) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(03)00208-7 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuroimaging of inhibitory control areas in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were treatment naive or in long-term treatment
Pliszka, S. R., Glahn, D. C., Semrud-Clikeman, M., Franklin, C., Perez III, R., Xiong, J., & Liotti (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1052 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Cognitive neuroscience of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder
Swanson, J. M., Castellanos, F. X., Murias, M., LaHoste, G. J., & Kennedy, J. L. (1998) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80150-5 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citation
Development and Psychopathology
Hayden, E. P., & Durbin, C. E. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.3 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Increased dopamine transporter availability associated with the 9-repeat allele of the SLC6A3 gene.
van Dyck, C. H., Malison, R. T., Jacobsen, L. K., Seibyl, J. P., Staley, J. K., Laruelle, M. A., Baldwin, R. M., Innis, R. B., & Gelernter, J. E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 258 · see citing works
A Whole-Genome Scan in 164 Dutch Sib Pairs with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Suggestive Evidence for Linkage on Chromosomes 7p and 15q
Bakker, S. C., Meulen, E. M. V. D., Buitelaar, J. K., Sandkuijl, L. A., Pauls, D. L., Monsuur, A. J., Slot, R. V. ‘., Minderaa, R. B., Gunning, W. B., Pearson, P. L., et al. (2003) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/375143 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Processes of Change in Brain and Cognitive Development Attention and Performance XXI
Jellinger, K. A. (2007) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01894.x · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Anti-hyperactivity medication: methylphenidate and amphetamine
Seeman, P., & Madras, B. K. (1998) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000421 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Etiology and pathogenesis of Attention‐deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): significance of prematurity and perinatal hypoxic‐haemodynamic encephalopathy
Lou, H. (1996) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb13909.x · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Development of a New Once-a-Day Formulation of Methylphenidate for the Treatment of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Proof-of-Concept and Proof-of-Product Studies
Swanson, J., Gupta, S., Lam, A., Shoulson, I., Lerner, M., Modi, N., Lindemulder, E., & Wigal, S. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.204 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Self-citation
Minimal Brain Dysfunction in Children.
Grant, D. K. (1971) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1971.02110050131025 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Genes, Environment, and Cardiovascular Disease
Sing, C. F., Stengård, J., & Kardia, S. L. R. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000075081.51227.86 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Reduced midbrain dopamine transporter binding in male adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Association between striatal dopamine markers and motor hyperactivity
Jucaite, A., Fernell, E., Halldin, C., Forssberg, H., & Farde, L. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.009 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Dopamine D4 Gene 7-Repeat Allele and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Weiffenbach, B., Keith, T. P., Chu, M. P., Weaver, A., Spencer, T. J., Wilens, T. E., Frazier, J. A., Cleves, M. A., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.768 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
The Dopamine Theory of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Levy, F. (1991) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048679109077746 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Spontaneous preterm delivery in primiparous women at low risk in Denmark: population based study
Langhoff‐Roos, J., Kesmodel, U. S., Jacobsson, B., Rasmussen, S. C., & Vogel, I. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38751.524132.2f · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Focal cerebral dysfunction in developmental learning disabilities
LOU, H. C. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)90136-s · Cited by 223 · see citing works
A Genomewide Scan for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in an Extended Sample: Suggestive Linkage on 17p11
Ogdie, M. N., Macphie, I. L., Minassian, S. L., Yang, M., Fisher, S. E., Francks, C., Cantor, R. M., McCracken, J. T., McGough, J. J., Nelson, S. F., et al. (2003) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/375139 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Analog Classroom Assessment of Adderall® in Children With ADHD
SWANSON, J. M., WIGAL, S., GREENHILL, L. L., BROWNE, R., WASLIK, B., LERNER, M., WILLIAMS, L., FLYNN, D., AGLER, D., CROWLEY, K., et al. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199805000-00014 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citation
Differential effects of DRD4 and DAT1 genotype on fronto-striatal gray matter volumes in a sample of subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, their unaffected siblings, and controls
Durston, S., Fossella, J., Casey, B. J., Pol, H. E. H., Galván, A., Schnack, H. G., Steenhuis, M., Minderaa, R. B., Buitelaar, J. K., Kahn, R. S., et al. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001649 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citation
Acute tolerance to methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children*
Swanson, J., Gupta, S., Guinta, D., Flynn, D., Agler, D., Lerner, M., Williams, L., Shoulson, I., & Wigal, S. (1999) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0009-9236(99)70038-x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citation
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Population Isolate: Linkage to Loci at 4q13.2, 5q33.3, 11q22, and 17p11
Arcos‐Burgos, M., Castellanos, F. X., Pineda, D. A., Lopera, F. J., Palacio, J. D., Palacio, L. G., Rapoport, J. L., Berg, K. A., Wilson, J., & Muenke, M. (2004) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/426154 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Self-citation
Gestational age, birth weight, and the risk of hyperkinetic disorder
Línnet, K. (2006) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2005.088872 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Association of the dopamine D4 receptor gene 7-repeat allele with neuropsychological test performance of children with ADHD.
Langley, K., Marshall, L., van den Bree, M. V. D., Thomas, H., Owen, M., O'Donovan, M., & Thapar, A. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.133 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
PET Study Examining Pharmacokinetics, Detection and Likeability, and Dopamine Transporter Receptor Occupancy of Short- and Long-Acting Oral Methylphenidate
Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., E. Ciccone, P., Madras, B. K., Dougherty, D. D., Bonab, A. A., Livni, E., Parasrampuria, D. A., & Fischman, A. J. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.387 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The excitotoxin hypothesis in relation to cerebral ischemia.
Benveniste, H. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Fundamentals of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: circuits and pathways.
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 203 · see citing works
The mitochondrial genome in human adaptive radiation and disease: On the road to therapeutics and performance enhancement
Wallace, D. C. (2005) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2005.05.001 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Activation in Ventral Prefrontal Cortex is Sensitive to Genetic Vulnerability for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Durston, S., Mulder, M., Casey, B. J., Ziermans, T. B., & van Engeland, H. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.020 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citation
Maternal alcohol use disorder and offspring ADHD: disentangling genetic and environmental effects using a children-of-twins design
Knopik, V. S., Heath, A. C., Jacob, T., Slutske, W. S., Bucholz, K. K., Madden, P. A. F., Waldron, M., & Martin, N. G. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007884 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Evidence for a genetic etiology in hyperactivity in children
Stevenson, J. (1992) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf01066665 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
In Vivo Neuroreceptor Imaging in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Focus on The Dopamine Transporter
Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., Madras, B. K., Faraone, S. V., Dougherty, D. D., Bonab, A. A., & Fischman, A. J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.036 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Reproducibility of repeated measures of carbon-11-raclopride binding in the human brain.
Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G., Dewey, S. L., Schlyer, D. J., MacGregor, R. R., Logan, J., Alexoff, D. L., Shea, C. E., & HITZEMANN, R. J. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impact of educational attainment on the quality of young women's diets
Robinson, S. M., Crozier, S., Borland, S. E., Hammond, J., Barker, D. J. P., & Inskip, H. M. (2004) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601946 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Brain injury in the premature infant – from pathogenesis to prevention
Volpe, J. J. (1997) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/s0387-7604(97)00078-8 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Brain lesions in preterms: origin, consequences and compensation
Krägeloh‐Mann, I., Toft, P. B., Lunding, J. M. C., Andresen, J., Pryds, O. A., & Lou, H. (1999) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00068.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Mental Health in the United States: Prevalence of Diagnosis and Medication Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder—United States, 2003
(2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.18.2293-b · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Parietal Attentional System Aberrations During Target Detection in Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Event-Related fMRI Evidence
Tamm, L., Menon, V., & Reiss, A. L. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1033 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
BENZEDRINE® AND DEXEDRINE® IN THE TREATMENT OF CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOR DISORDERS
Bradley, C. (1950) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.5.1.24 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Secondary Evaluations of MTA 36-Month Outcomes: Propensity Score and Growth Mixture Model Analyses
Swanson, J. M., Hinshaw, S. P., Arnold, L. E., Gibbons, R. D., Marcus, S. M., Hur, K., Jensen, P. S., Vitiello, B., Abikoff, H., Greenhill, L. L., et al. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3180686d63 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citation
Segregation analysis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Chen, W. J., Lehman, B. K., Keenan, K. E., Moore, C. S., Sprich, S. E., & Tsuang, M. T. (1992) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/00041444-199210000-00004 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
A comparison of morning-only and morning/late afternoon Adderall to morning-only, twice-daily, and three times-daily methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Pelham, W. E., Gnagy, E. M., Chronis, A. M., Burrows-MacLean, L., Fabiano, G. A., Onyango, A. N., Meichenbaum, D. L., Williams, A., Aronoff, H. R., & Steiner, R. L. (1999) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.104.6.1300 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Controlled Study
Max, J. E., Koele, S. L., Smith, W. L., Satō, Y., Lindgren, S. D., Robin, D. A., & Arndt, S. V. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199808000-00013 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Regional cerebral blood flow in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Comparison before and after methylphenidate treatment
Lee, J. S., Kim, B. N., Kang, E., Lee, D. S., Kim, Y. K., Chung, J., Lee, M. C., & Cho, S. C. (2005) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20067 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The short DRD4 repeats confer risk to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a family-based design and impair performance on a continuous performance test (TOVA)
Manor, I., Tyano, S., Eisenberg, J., Bachner-Melman, R., Kotler, M., & Ebstein, R. P. (2002) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001078 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Fetal growth and length of gestation in relation to prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke assessed by hair nicotine concentration.
Jaakkola, J. J. K., Jaakkola, J. J. K., & Zahlsen, K. (2001) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.01109557 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Small body size at birth and behavioural symptoms of ADHD in children aged five to six years
Lahti, J. M. T., Räikkönen, K., Kajantie, E., Heinonen, K., Pesonen, A., Järvenpää, A., & Strandberg, T. E. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01661.x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Analog Classroom Assessment of a Once-Daily Mixed Amphetamine Formulation, SLI381 (ADDERALL XR), in Children With ADHD
MCCRACKEN, J. T., BIEDERMAN, J., GREENHILL, L. L., SWANSON, J. M., MCGOUGH, J. J., SPENCER, T. J., POSNER, K., WIGAL, S., PATAKI, C., ZHANG, Y., et al. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000046863.56865.fe · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citation
Putamen Lesions and the Development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptomatology
Max, J. E., Fox, P. T., Lancaster, J. L., Kochunov, P. V., Mathews, K. D., Manes, F. F., Robertson, B., Arndt, S. V., Robin, D. A., & Lansing, A. E. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200205000-00014 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Fetal Growth and Childhood Behavioral Problems: Results from the ALSPAC Cohort
Wiles, N., Peters, T. J., Heron, J., Gunnell, D., Emond, A. M., & Lewis, G. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj108 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Small Size at Birth and Greater Postnatal Weight Gain
Lucas, J. S., Inskip, H. M., Godfrey, K. M., Foreman, C. T., Warner, J. O., Gregson, R. K., & CLOUGH, J. B. (2004) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200311-1583oc · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Determinants of the success of whole-genome association testingPreprint
Clark, A. G., Boerwinkle, E., Hixson, J. E., & Sing, C. F. (2005) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.4244005 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Protective Effects of the Alcohol Dehydrogenase-ADH1B Allele in Children Exposed to Alcohol During Pregnancy
Jacobson, S. W., Carr, L. G., Croxford, J. A., Sokol, R. J., Li, T., & Jacobson, J. L. (2006) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.08.023 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
DRD4 gene variants and sustained attention in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Effects of associated alleles at the VNTR and −521 SNP
Bellgrove, M., Hawi, Z., Lowe, N., Kirley, A., Robertson, I., & Gill, M. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30193 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Candidate genes in psychiatry: An epidemiological perspective
Crowe, R. (1993) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320480203 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Prediction of Heterogeneity in Intelligence and Adult Prognosis by Genetic Polymorphisms in the Dopamine System Among Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Mill, J. S., Caspi, A., Williams, B. S., Craig, I., Taylor, A., Polo-Tomás, M., Berridge, C. W., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.462 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Repeated asphyxia causes loss of striatal projection neurons in the fetal sheep brain
Mallard, C. E., Waldvogel, H. J., Williams, C., Faull, R. L. M., & Gluckman, P. D. (1995) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00504-x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Striatal neuronal loss or dysfunction and choline rise in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Jin, Z., Zang, Y., Zeng, Y. W., Zhang, L., & Wang, Y. (2001) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02315-1 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Practitioner Review: Early adversity and developmental disorders
Taylor, E., & Rogers, J. W. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00402.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citation
Morphological and Behavioral Markers of Environmentally Induced Retardation of Brain Development: An Animal Model
Altman, J. (1987) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8774153 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Genetic Latent Structure Analysis of Dysmorphology in Attention Deficit Disorder
Deutsch, C. K., Matthysse, S., Swanson, J. M., & Farkas, L. G. (1990) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199003000-00006 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citation
From Behavior to Cognition to the Brain and Back: What Have We Learned From Functional Imaging Studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
Casey, B. J., & Durston, S. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.957 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citation
Stimulant and Psychosocial Treatment of ADHD in Latino/Hispanic Children
Bauermeister, J. J., CANINO, G. J., Bravo, M., Ramírez, R., Jensen, P. S., Chavez, L. M., Martínez‐Taboas, A., Ribera, J. C., Alegria, M. M., & García, P. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000046864.56865.30 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Minimal Cerebral Dysfunction
Goldstein, S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_4724 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Methylphenidate‐Evoked Potentiation of Extracellular Dopamine in the Brain of Adolescents with Premature Birth: Correlation with Attentional Deficit
NETO, P. R., LOU, H., CUMMING, P., PRYDS, O., & GJEDDE, A. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04184.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Learning disabilities and prenatal risk
Lewis, M. (1986) · University of Illinois Press eBooks · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Catecholamine functioning in children with traumatic brain injuries and children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Konrad, K., Gauggel, S., & Schurek, J. O. (2003) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(03)00057-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study Comparing a Single Morning Dose of Adderall to Twice-Daily Dosing in Children With ADHD
Greenhill, L. L., SWANSON, J. M., Steinhoff, K., FRIED, J., Posner, K., Lerner, M., Wigal, S. B., Clausen, S., Zhang, Y., & Tulloch, S. J. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200310000-00015 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
Arousal, Suppression, and Persistence: Frustration Theory, Attention, and its Disorders
Amsel, A. (1990) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939008410798 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sex Differences in the Pathway from Low Birth Weight to Inattention/hyperactivity
Martel, M. M., Lucia, V. C., Nigg, J. T., & Breslau, N. (2006) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9089-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
Maternal and Seasonal Predictors of Change in Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound during Pregnancy
Javaid, M. K., Crozier, S., Harvey, N. C., Taylor, P., Inskip, H. M., Godfrey, K. M., & Cooper, C. C. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0195 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Brain lesions in preterms: origin, consequences and compensation
Krägeloh-Mann, P. T. I. (1999) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1080/08035259950168856 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Mission: not impossible? Candidate gene studies in child psychiatric disorders
Collier, D. A., Curran, S. R., & Asherson, P. J. (2000) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000796 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Biomarkers in paediatric research and practice
Lanphear, B. P. (2005) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2003.048819 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: unravelling the molecular genetics
Thapar, A. (1998) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000452 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Clinical and Cognitive Definitions of Attention Deficits in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Swanson, J. M., Casey, B. J., Nigg, J. T., Castellanos, F. X., Volkow, N. D., & Taylor, E. A. (2004) · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Erratum: The analysis of 51 genes in DSM-IV combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association signals in DRD4, DAT1 and 16 other genes
Brookes, K. J., Xu, X., Chen, W., Zhou, K., Neale, B. M., Lowe, N., Anney, R., Franke, B., Gill, M., Ebstein, R. P., et al. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001902 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Adaptationism and molecular biology: An example based on ADHD
Swanson, J. M., Moyzis, R. K., Fossella, J., Fan, J., & Posner, M. I. (2002) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x02490097 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(1895) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2.34.229 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

6 of the 165 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors
Beaulieu, J.-M., & Gainetdinov, R. R. (2011) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.110.002642 · Cited by 2,763 · see citing works
Evaluating Dopamine Reward Pathway in ADHD: Clinical Implications
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Kollins, S. H., Wigal, T. L., Newcorn, J. H., Telang, F., Fowler, J. S., Zhu, W., Logan, J., Ma, Y., et al. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1308 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
“The DSM-IV ADHD items were assessed using the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and Normal-behavior (SWAN) rating scale, which uses a positive scale for symptoms (1 to 3) and a negative scale for the opposite of the symptoms (−1 to −3) ranging from far belowaverage to faraboveaverage.21 This allowsonetoassess…”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Changes in cortical dopamine D1 receptor binding associated with cognitive training
McNab, F., Varrone, A., Farde, L., Jucaite, A., Bystritsky, P., Forssberg, H., & Klingberg, T. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1166102 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
The neurobiology and genetics of impulse control disorders: Relationships to drug addictions
Brewer, J. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2007) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.043 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Beyond the Dual Pathway Model: Evidence for the Dissociation of Timing, Inhibitory, and Delay-Related Impairments in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Sonuga-Barke, E., Bitsakou, P., & Thompson, M. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2009.12.018 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Neurobiology of ADHD
Tripp, G., & Wickens, J. R. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.026 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Biomarkers in psychiatry
Singh, I., & Rose, N. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/460202a · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks
Bush, G. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.120 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Executive Dysfunction and Delay Aversion in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Nosologic and Diagnostic Implications
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Sergeant, J. A., Nigg, J., & Willcutt, E. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.008 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Self-citation
Environmental pollution, a hidden culprit for health issues
Xu, H., Yang, J., Sun, Z., Su, J., Liu, Q. S., Zhou, Q., & Jiang, G. (2022) · Eco-Environment & Health · doi:10.1016/j.eehl.2022.04.003 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Developmental phenotypes and causal pathways in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: potential targets for early intervention?
Sonuga‐Barke, E. J. S., & Halperin, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02195.x · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Cingulate, Frontal, and Parietal Cortical Dysfunction in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Bush, G. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.01.022 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Lead and PCBs as Risk Factors for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Eubig, P. A., Aguiar, A., & Schantz, S. L. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901852 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Changes in the definition of ADHD in DSM-5: subtle but important
Epstein, J. N., & Loren, R. E. (2013) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.2217/npy.13.59 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Persistent cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: A dopamine hypothesis
Bales, J. W., Wagner, A. K., Kline, A. E., & Dixon, C. E. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.03.011 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an overview
Banaschewski, T., Becker, K., Scherag, S., Franke, B., & Coghill, D. (2010) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-010-0090-z · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome
Oscar Berman, M., Blum, K., Chen, T. J., Braverman, E., Waite, R., Downs, W., Arcuri, V., Notaro, A., Palomo, T., & Comings (2008) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s2627 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
“There has been increased interest in ADHD as a heritable neuropsychiatric condition linked to pathogenesis of brain dopamine (Shaw et al 2007; Swanson et al 2007; Volkow et al 2007).”
Background
Etiologic classification of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Millichap, J. G. (2008) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1332 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Beyond polemics: science and ethics of ADHD
Singh, I. (2008) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2514 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Research Review: Environmental exposures, neurodevelopment, and child mental health – new paradigms for the study of brain and behavioral effects
Rauh, V., & Margolis, A. E. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12537 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Striatal Dopamine D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub>Receptors Mediate Response Inhibition and Related Activity in Frontostriatal Neural Circuitry in Humans
Ghahremani, D. G., Lee, B., Robertson, C. L., Tabibnia, G., Morgan, A. T., De Shetler, N., Brown, A. K., Monterosso, J. R., Aron, A. R., Mandelkern, M. A., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4284-11.2012 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Environmental Exposures
Swanson, J. M., Entringer, S., Buß, C., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2009) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1237427 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citation
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of methylphenidate and placebo in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during the multi-source interference task
Bush, G., Spencer, T. J., Holmes, J., Shin, L. M., Valera, E. M., Seidman, L. J., Makris, N., Surman, C., Aleardi, M., Mick, E., et al. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.16 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Regulation of the Dopamine and Vesicular Monoamine Transporters: Pharmacological Targets and Implications for Disease
German, C. L., Baladi, M. G., McFadden, L. M., Hanson, G. R., & Fleckenstein, A. E. (2015) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.114.010397 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Potential Therapeutic Interest of Adenosine A2A Receptors in Psychiatric Disorders
Cunha, R. A., Ferré, S., Vaugeois, J., & Chen, J. (2008) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161208784480090 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
The Impact of Toxins on the Developing Brain
Lanphear, B. P. (2015) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114413 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citation
Restless Legs Syndrome: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Diagnosis and Management
Guo, S., Huang, J., Jiang, H., Han, C., Li, J., Xu, X., Zhang, G., Lin, Z., Xiong, N., & Wang, T. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00171 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Rates and types of psychiatric disorders in perinatally human immunodeficiency virus‐infected youth and seroreverters
Mellins, C. A., Brackis‐Cott, E., Leu, C., Elkington, K. S., Dolezal, C. L., WIZNIA, A. A., McKay, M. M., Bamji, M., & Abrams, E. J. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02069.x · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability
Petrovic, P., & Castellanos, F. X. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00070 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citation
Development of ADHD: Etiology, Heterogeneity, and Early Life Course
Nigg, J. T., Sibley, M. H., Thapar, A., & Karalunas, S. L. (2020) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-060320-093413 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citation
Functional MRI in ADHD: a systematic literature review
Paloyelis, Y., Mehta, M. A., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2007) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.7.10.1337 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Neuropsychological basic deficits in preschoolers at risk for ADHD: A meta-analysis
Pauli-Pott, U., & Becker, K. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.02.005 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Role of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Corona, J. C. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9111039 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Dopamine-serotonin interactions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Oades, R. (2008) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)00926-6 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Traffic-related air pollution exposure in the first year of life and behavioral scores at 7 years of age
Newman, N. C., Ryan, P., LeMasters, G., Levin, L., Bernstein, D., Hershey, G. K. K., Lockey, J. E., Villareal, M., Reponen, T., Grinshpun, S., et al. (2013) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1205555 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Gillies, D. M., Sinn, J. K. H., Lad, S. S., Leach, M., & Ross, M. J. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007986.pub2 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Decreased Brain Levels of Vitamin B12 in Aging, Autism and Schizophrenia
Zhang, Y., Hodgson, N., Trivedi, M. S., Abdolmaleky, H. M., Fournier, M., Cuénod, M., Kim, Q., & Deth, R. C. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146797 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention
Mueller, A., Hong, D. S., Shepard, S., & Moore, T. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.009 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Striatal Dopamine Transporter Availability Associated with Polymorphisms in the Dopamine Transporter Gene SLC6A3
van de Giessen, E. M., de Win, M. M. L., Tanck, M. W. T., van den Brink, W., Baas, F., & Booij, J. (2009) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.108.053652 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
GIT1 is associated with ADHD in humans and ADHD-like behaviors in mice
Won, H., Mah, W., Kim, E., Kim, J.-W., Hahm, E.-K., Kim, M.-H., Cho, S., Kim, J., Jang, H., Cho, S.-C., et al. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2330 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse
Korpi, E. R., den Hollander, B., Farooq, U., Vashchinkina, E., Rajkumar, R., Nutt, D. J., Hyytiä, P., & Dawe, G. S. (2015) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.010967 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Serum Perfluorinated Compound Concentration and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children 5–18 Years of Age
Stein, C. R., & Savitz, D. A. (2011) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1003538 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Developmental pesticide exposure reproduces features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Richardson, J., Taylor, M. M., Shalat, S., Guillot, T., Caudle, W., Hossain, M. M., Mathews, T. A., Jones, S. R., Cory-Slechta, D., & Miller, G. (2015) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.14-260901 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Lead, mercury, and cadmium exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children
Kim, S. S., Arora, M., Fernandez, C., Figueroa, J. A. L., Caruso, J. A., & Chen, A. (2013) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2013.08.008 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Neurobiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Kieling, C., Kieling, R. R., Tannock, R., & Castellanos, F. X. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.012 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citation
Plasmalogens, platelet-activating factor and beyond – Ether lipids in signaling and neurodegeneration
Dorninger, F., Forss‐Petter, S., Wimmer, I., & Berger, J. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105061 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-regulation: Brain, cognition, and development.
Berger, A. (2011) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12327-000 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The complex genetics and biology of human temperament: a review of traditional concepts in relation to new molecular findings
Cloninger, C. R., Cloninger, K. M., Zwir, I. J. S., & Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0621-4 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the dopaminergic hypotheses
Genro, J. P., Kieling, C., Rohde, L. A., & Hutz, M. H. (2010) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.10.17 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Toward a revised nosology for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder heterogeneity
Nigg, J. T., Karalunas, S. L., Feczko, E., & Fair, D. A. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.02.005 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and hyperactivity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rochester, J. R., Bolden, A. L., & Kwiatkowski, C. F. (2018) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.028 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Impaired Executive Function Mediates the Association between Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Child ADHD Symptoms
Buß, C., Entringer, S., Davis, E. P., Hobel, C. J., Swanson, J. M., Wadhwa, P. D., & Sandman, C. A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037758 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citation
Case–Control Study of Blood Lead Levels and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Chinese Children
Wang, H.-L., Chen, X.-T., Yang, B., Ma, F.-L., Wang, S., Tang, M., Hao, M.-G., & Ruan, D. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11400 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a focused overview for children’s environmental health researchers
Aguiar, A., Eubig, P. A., & Schantz, S. L. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1002326 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Cerebellar Vermis in Chronically Treated and Treatment-Naïve Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Combined Type
Bledsoe, J. C., Semrud‐Clikeman, M., & Pliszka, S. R. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.030 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals and Behavioral or Coordination Problems at Age 7 Years
Fei, C., & Olsen, J. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1002026 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Punja, S., Shamseer, L., Hartling, L., Urichuk, L., Vandermeer, B., Nikles, J., & Vohra, S. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009996.pub2 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Contribution of LPHN3 to the genetic susceptibility to ADHD in adulthood: a replication study
Ribasés, M., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Sánchez-Mora, C., Bosch, R., Richarte, V., Palomar, G., Gastaminza, X., Bielsa, A., Arcos-Burgos, M., Muenke, M., et al. (2011) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00649.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dopamine system genes associated with parenting in the context of daily hassles
van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & Mesman, J. (2007) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2007.00362.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Use of Antidepressants During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Offspring
Figueroa, R. (2010) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181e5ac93 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Pupil size tracks attentional performance in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder
Wainstein, G., Rojas-Líbano, D., Crossley, N. A., Carrasco, X., Aboitiz, F., & Ossandón, T. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08246-w · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Obesity in Men With Childhood ADHD: A 33-Year Controlled, Prospective, Follow-up Study
Cortese, S., Ramos-Olazagasti, M. A., KLEIN, R. G., Castellanos, F. X., Proal, E., & Mannuzza, S. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0540 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association between DNA methylation and ADHD symptoms from birth to school age: a prospective meta-analysis
Neumann, A., Walton, E., Alemany, S., Cecil, C. A. M., González, J. R., Jima, D. D., Lahti, J. M. T., Tuominen, S., Barker, E. D., Binder, E. B., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01058-z · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Glutamate/glutamine and neuronal integrity in adults with ADHD: a proton MRS study
Maltezos, S., Horder, J., Coghlan, S., Skirrow, C., O'Gorman, R., Lavender, T. J., Mendez, M. A., Mehta, M., Daly, E., Xenitidis, K., et al. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.11 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Computational neuroscience approach to biomarkers and treatments for mental disorders
Yahata, N., Kasai, K., & Kawato, M. (2016) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12502 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
SPECT and PET of the dopamine transporter in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Krause, J. (2008) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.8.4.611 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Derived Coding Variation in the Dopamine Transporter Disrupts Microdomain Targeting and Trafficking Regulation
Sakrikar, D. S., Mazei‐Robison, M. S., Mergy, M. A., Richtand, N. W., Han, Q., Hamilton, P. J., Bowton, E., Galli, A., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M., Gill, M., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6033-11.2012 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Are ASD and ADHD a Continuum? A Comparison of Pathophysiological Similarities Between the Disorders
Kern, J. K., Geier, D. A., Sykes, L. K., Geier, M. R., & Deth, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712459886 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Basal Ganglia Surface Morphology and the Effects of Stimulant Medications in Youth With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Sobel, L. J., Bansal, R., Maia, T. V., Sanchez, J., Mazzone, L., Durkin, K., Liu, J., Hao, X., Ivanov, I., Miller, A., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091259 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Emerging Association Between Addictive Gaming and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Weinstein, A. M., & Weizman, A. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0311-x · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Dopamine receptor genes predict risk preferences, time preferences, and related economic choices
Carpenter, J. P., Garcia, J. R., & Lum, J. K. (2011) · Journal of Risk and Uncertainty · doi:10.1007/s11166-011-9115-3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Dopamine Receptors and Relevance to Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Williams, O. O. F., Coppolino, M., George, S. R., & Perreault, M. L. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11091199 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Changes in oxidative stress and cellular immunity serum markers in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Ceylan, M. F., Şener, Ş., Bayraktar, A. Ç., & Kavutçu, M. (2012) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02330.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Non-pharmacological interventions for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents
Sibley, M. H., Bruton, A. M., Zhao, X., Johnstone, J. M., Mitchell, J. T., Hatsu, I. E., Arnold, L. E., Basu, H., Levy, L., Vyas, P., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00381-9 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Higher Prevalence of Iron Deficiency as Strong Predictor of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Bener, A., Kamal, M., Bener, H., & Bhugra, D. (2014) · Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research · doi:10.4103/2141-9248.141974 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Two-Photon Optical Interrogation of Individual Dendritic Spines with Caged Dopamine
Araya, R., Andino-Pavlovsky, V., Yuste, R., & Etchenique, R. (2013) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/cn4000692 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Potential programming of dopaminergic circuits by early life stress
Rodrigues, A.-J., Leão, P., Carvalho, M., Almeida, O. F. X., & Sousa, N. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2085-3 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Association of Bisphenol A exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a national sample of U.S. children
Tewar, S., Auinger, P., Braun, J. M., Lanphear, B. P., Yolton, K. A., Epstein, J. N., Ehrlich, S., & Froehlich, T. E. (2016) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.040 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citation
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, and restless legs syndrome: The iron hypothesis
Cortese, S., Lecendreux, M., Bernardina, B. D., Mouren, M. C., Sbarbati, A., & Konofal, É. (2008) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.10.013 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Phosphoproteomics of the Dopamine Pathway Enables Discovery of Rap1 Activation as a Reward Signal In Vivo
Nagai, T., Nakamuta, S., Kuroda, K., Nakauchi, S., Nishioka, T., Takano, T., Zhang, X., Tsuboi, D., Funahashi, Y., Nakano, T., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.019 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Dopamine D4 receptor, but not the ADHD-associated D4.7 variant, forms functional heteromers with the dopamine D2S receptor in the brain
González, S., Rangel‐Barajas, C., Peper, M., Lorenzo, R., Moreno, E., Ciruela, F., Borycz, J. A., Ortiz, J., Lluís, C., Franco, R., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.93 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citation
Alterations in Pain Response are Partially Reversed by Methylphenidate (Ritalin) in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( <scp>ADHD</scp> )
Treister, R., Eisenberg, E., Demeter, N., & Pud, D. (2015) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12129 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl substances in cord blood and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in seven-year-old children
Lien, G., Huang, C., Shiu, J.-S., Chen, M., Hsieh, W., Guo, Y. L., & Chen, P. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.102 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
ADHD and Poor Motor Performance From a Family Genetic Perspective
Fliers, E., Vermeulen, S., Rijsdijk, F., Altink, M., Buschgens, C., Rommelse, N., Faraone, S., Sergeant, J., Buitelaar, J., & Franke, B. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31818b1ca2 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Disturbed neurotransmitter homeostasis in ether lipid deficiency
Dorninger, F., König, T., Scholze, P., Berger, M. L., Zeitler, G., Wiesinger, C., Gundacker, A., Pollak, D. D., Huck, S., Just, W. W., et al. (2019) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddz040 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Transgenerational Transmission of Hyperactivity in a Mouse Model of ADHD
Zhu, J., Lee, K. P., Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., & Bhide, P. G. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4402-13.2014 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human brain morphology and function: What is the evidence?
Bos, D. J., van Montfort, S. J. T., Oranje, B., Durston, S., & Smeets, P. A. M. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.031 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency a correlate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
Kamal, M., Bener, A., & Ehlayel, M. S. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-014-0130-5 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Genetic Variability in the Dopamine System (Dopamine Receptor D4, Catechol-O-Methyltransferase) Modulates Neurophysiological Responses to Gains and Losses
Marco‐Pallarés, J., Cucurell, D., Toni Cunillera, B., Krämer, U. M., Càmara, E., Nager, W., Bauer, P., Schüle, R., Schöls, L. J., Münte, T. F., et al. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.01.006 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Complementary medicines (herbal and nutritional products) in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd): A systematic review of the evidence
Sarris, J., Kean, J., Schweitzer, I., & Lake, J. (2011) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.007 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Comorbidity of ADHD and Substance Use Disorder (SUD): A Neuroimaging Perspective
Frodl, T. (2010) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054710365054 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurobehavior in US children through 8 years of age: The HOME study
Vuong, A. M., Webster, G. M., Yolton, K. A., Calafat, A. M., Muckle, G., Lanphear, B. P., & Chen, A. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110825 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citation
Bipolar and ADHD comorbidity: Both artifact and outgrowth of shared mechanisms.
Youngstrom, E. A., Arnold, L. E., & Frazier, T. W. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01226.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Candidate-Gene Approach in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Urban Violence: Association Analysis of the Genes Encoding Serotonin Transporter, Dopamine Transporter, and BDNF
Valente, N. L. M., Vallada, H., Cordeiro, Q., Miguita, K., Bressan, R. A., Andreoli, S. B., Mari, J. D. J., & Mello, M. F. (2011) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-011-9513-7 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Multimodal MR Imaging of Brain Iron in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Noninvasive Biomarker That Responds to Psychostimulant Treatment?
Adisetiyo, V., Jensen, J. H., Tabesh, A., Deardorff, R. L., Fieremans, E., Martino, A. D., Gray, K. M., Castellanos, F. X., & Helpern, J. A. (2014) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.14140047 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citation
The effect of reduced dopamine D4 receptor expression in the 5-choice continuous performance task: Separating response inhibition from premature responding
Young, J. W., Powell, S. B., Scott, C. N., Zhou, X., & Geyer, M. A. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.054 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The dopaminergic hypothesis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder needs re-examining
Gonon, F. (2009) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.09.010 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Developmental origins of child mental health disorders
Swanson, J. D., & Wadhwa, P. M. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02014.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citation
Irrelevant stimulus processing in ADHD: catecholamine dynamics and attentional networks
Aboitiz, F., Ossandón, T., Zamorano, F. J., Palma, B. A., & Carrasco, X. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00183 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Genomic Features of the Human Dopamine Transporter Gene and Its Potential Epigenetic States: Implications for Phenotypic Diversity
Shumay, E., Fowler, J. S., & Volkow, N. D. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011067 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citation

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the dopaminergic hypotheses
Genro, J. P., Kieling, C., Rohde, L. A., & Hutz, M. H. (2010) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.10.17 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00240-6 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Genes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Swanson, J. M., Posner, M. I., Fusella, J., Wasdell, M. B., Sommer, T., & Fan, J. (2001) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-001-0005-2 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citation
Current concepts on the neurobiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Biederman, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2002) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/070674370200601s03 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Basic mechanisms and treatment planning/targets for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Franke, B., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2020) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0032

Authors: Swanson, J. M., Kinsbourne, M., Nigg, J., Lanphear, B., Stefanatos, G. A., Volkow, N., Taylor, E., Casey, B. J., Castellanos, F. X., & Wadhwa, P. D.
Affiliations: University of California, Irvine (US)
The New School (US)
Michigan State University (US)
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
Jefferson Einstein Philadelphia Hospital (US)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
Cornell University (US)
New York University (US)
Corresponding author: Swanson, James M.
ORCID: Swanson, James M.
Nigg, Joel
Lanphear, Bruce
Volkow, Nora
Casey, B. J.
Castellanos, F. Xavier
Wadhwa, Pathik D.
Venue: Neuropsychology Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2007-02-21
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 39-59
ISSN: 1040-7308 (ISSN-L)
1573-6660
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-007-9019-9
OpenAlex: W2098273438
Cited by: 580
References: 165
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 6.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Neuropsychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dopamine transporter, DRD4 gene, stimulant medication response, frontostriatal circuits, genome-wide linkage analysis, environmental etiology, developmental origins of health and disease, gene-environment interaction, prenatal stress, developmental neurotoxicity
MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Brain Mapping, Dopamine, Humans, Molecular Biology, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Psychological Theory

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: brain imaging, molecular genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks