The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To validate the FRAIL scale. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Representative sample of African Americans age 49 to 65 years at onset of study. MEASUREMENTS: The 5-item FRAIL scale (fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight), at baseline and activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), mortality, short physical performance battery (SPPB), gait speed, one-leg stand, grip strength and injurious falls at baseline and 9 years. Blood tests for CRP, SIL6R, STNFR1, STNFR2 and 25 (OH) vitamin D at baseline. RESULTS: Cross-sectionally the FRAIL scale correlated significantly with IADL difficulties, SPPB, grip strength and one-leg stand among participants with no baseline ADL difficulties (N=703) and those outcomes plus gait speed in those with no baseline ADL dependencies (N=883). TNFR1 was increased in pre-frail and frail subjects and CRP in some subgroups. Longitudinally (N=423 with no baseline ADL difficulties or N=528 with no baseline ADL dependencies), and adjusted for the baseline value for each outcome, being pre-frail at baseline significantly predicted future ADL difficulties, worse one-leg stand scores, and mortality in both groups, plus IADL difficulties in the dependence-excluded group. Being frail at baseline significantly predicted future ADL difficulties, IADL difficulties, and mortality in both groups, plus worse SPPB in the dependence-excluded group. CONCLUSION: This study has validated the FRAIL scale in a late middle-aged African American population. This simple 5-question scale is an excellent screening test for clinicians to identify frail persons at risk of developing disability as well as decline in health functioning and mortality.
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Cites
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907
Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/9.3_part_1.179 · Cited by 18,540
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792
A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people
Rockwood, K. (2005) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.050051 · Cited by 8,968
Adverse Events Associated with Testosterone Administration
Basaria, S., Coviello, A. D., Travison, T. G., Storer, T. W., Farwell, W. R., Jette, A. M., Eder, R., Tennstedt, S., Ulloor, J., Zhang, A., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1000485 · Cited by 1,494
Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia
Morley, J. E., Argiles, J. M., Evans, W. J., Bhasin, S., Cella, D., Deutz, N. E. P., Doehner, W., Fearon, K. C. H., Ferrucci, L., Hellerstein, M. K., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2010.04.014 · Cited by 664 · cited 4×
“Evidence is emerging that targeted therapies may decrease the negative outcomes associated with being frail (4-6).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSrinivas-Shankar, U., Roberts, S. A., Connolly, M. J., O'Connell, M. D. L., Adams, J. E., Oldham, J. A., & Wu, F. C. W. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1251 · Cited by 629
Inflammation and frailty in older women
Leng, S. X., Xue, Q., Tian, J., Walston, J. D., & Fried, L. P. (2007) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01186.x · Cited by 425
Low Free Testosterone Predicts Frailty in Older Men: The Health in Men Study
Hyde, Z., Flicker, L., Almeida, O. P., Hankey, G. J., McCaul, K. A., Chubb, S. A. P., & Yeap, B. B. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2754 · Cited by 286 · cited 1×
“Another study found that the components of the FRAIL scale predicted both mortality and disability after four to eight years of follow-up in males aged 65 years and older (26).”
Background
Cited by
SARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes
Malmstrom, T. K., Miller, D. K., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., & Morley, J. E. (2016) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12048 · Cited by 1,155
“Frailty in AAH was measured using the FRAIL scale.(11) FRAIL includes five components: fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and loss of weight.”
MethodSelf-citationInterventions for Frailty Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease
Ijaz, N., Buta, B., Xue, Q.-L., Mohess, D. T., Bushan, A., Tran, H., Batchelor, W., deFilippi, C. R., Walston, J. D., Bandeen-Roche, K., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.029 · Cited by 412
Frailty for Surgeons: Review of a National Institute on Aging Conference on Frailty for Specialists
Robinson, T. N., Walston, J. D., Brummel, N. E., Deiner, S., Brown, C. H., Kennedy, M., & Hurria, A. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.08.428 · Cited by 304
Sarcopenia as the biological substrate of physical frailty
Landi, F., Calvani, R., Cesari, M., Tosato, M., Martone, A. M., Bernabei, R., Onder, G., & Marzetti, E. (2015) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2015.04.005 · Cited by 288
Frailty, Sarcopenia and Diabetes
Morley, J. E., Malmstrom, T. K., Rodriguez-Mañas, L., & Sinclair, A. J. (2014) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.10.001 · Cited by 277
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Metadata
- Authors
- Morley, J. E., Malmstrom, T. K., & Miller, D. K.
- Venue
- The Journal of nutrition, health and aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 601-608
- ISSN
- 1279-7707 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2077411129
- Cited by
- 1,987
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 14.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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