Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia
Open accessAbstract
The Society for Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Wasting Disease convened an expert panel to develop nutritional recommendations for prevention and management of sarcopenia. Exercise (both resistance and aerobic) in combination with adequate protein and energy intake is the key component of the prevention and management of sarcopenia. Adequate protein supplementation alone only slows loss of muscle mass. Adequate protein intake (leucine-enriched balanced amino acids and possibly creatine) may enhance muscle strength. Low 25(OH) vitamin D levels require vitamin D replacement.
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As 15% to 38% of older men and 27% to 41% of older women ingest less than the recommended dietary allowance for protein, it is suggested that protein intake be increased.
“As 15% to 38% of older men and 27%e41% of older women ingest less than the recommended daily allowance for protein, it is suggested that protein intake be increased.”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as Morley 2010 10
The Recommendations > Protein section reports that 22%–38% of men and 32%–41% of women older than 50 consumed less than the protein RDA, and recommends 1.0–1.5 g/kg/day for older persons. The recommendation is supported, but the claim gives different lower bounds for both percentages (15% and 27%). (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPhysical activity during hospitalization and in posthospitalization rehabilitation sessions has reported benefits.
“There is no global standard or recommendation, but physical activity during hospitalization and in posthospitalization rehabilitation sessions has reported benefits.1e3,5e10, 69,70,149e152”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [10]
The Exercise section (page unavailable) reports benefits of resistance and aerobic exercise in older people. It also cites a study of exercise therapy directly after hospital discharge, but does not report benefits of physical activity during hospitalization. Thus, the source supports the general benefit and some postdischarge context, not both settings claimed. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResistance exercise coupled with leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplements is recommended to treat sarcopenia when the diet is inadequate in energy and protein provision.
“Resistance exercise coupled with leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplements (when the diet is inadequate in energy and protein provision) is recommended to treat sarcopenia [331].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [331]
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“Levels of 25(OH) Vitamin D decline longitudinally with aging.(71) Numerous studies have reported extremely low vitamin D levels in older persons.”
Self-citationNutritional Issues in Long-Term Care
Sloane, P. D., Ivey, J. L., Helton, M. R., Barrick, A. L., & Cerna, A. (2008) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2008.03.005 · Cited by 102 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, it is recommended that the amount of protein ingested should be spread equally throughout the day, ie, equivalent amounts at breakfast, lunch, and dinner.(39) If additional protein supplementation is given it should be administered between meals.”
Stout, J. R., Graves, B. S., Cramer, J. T., Goldstein, E. R., Costa, P. B., Smith‐Ryan, A. E., & Walter, A. A. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 101 · see citing works
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“A calorie-protein supplement together with testosterone decreased hospitalizations in frail older men and women.(57) Thus, it would seem reasonable to consider protein supplementation in sarcopenic persons to enhance or maximize the effects of anabolic agents.”
Self-citationDeacon, S. J., Vincent, E. E., Greenhaff, P. L., Fox, J., STEINER, M. C., Singh, S. J., & Morgan, M. D. L. (2008) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200710-1508oc · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Anorexia, Weight Loss, and Frailty
Morley, J. E. (2010) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2010.02.005 · Cited by 88 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Strength training improved distance walked in 6 minutes and gait speed.(92) Resistance exercise increases type II muscle fiber size and improves satellite muscle recruitment in older persons.”
Self-citationVanSwearingen, J. M., Perera, S., Brach, J. S., Cham, R., Rosano, C., & Studenski, S. A. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glp098 · Cited by 86 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Aerobic exercise remodels myofibers and increases muscle strength.(95) In older persons, aerobic exercise improves gait speed, quality of life years (QALY), and is cost effective.”
Undernutrition and Anorexia in the Older Person
Visvanathan, R., & Chapman, I. M. (2009) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2009.06.009 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
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“Creatine supplementation during upper arm immobilization slows the loss of muscle mass and strength in younger men.(60) Studies in older people have provided some evidence of positive effects of creatine.”
Branched-chain amino acids: the best compromise to achieve anabolism?
Laviano, A., Muscaritoli, M., Cascino, A., Preziosa, I., Inui, A., Mantovani, G., & Fanelli, F. R. (2005) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000172581.79266.19 · Cited by 82 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Essential amino acids appear to be the primary stimulus of protein synthesis.(43) Leucine appears to be the most potent of these amino acids.”
Self-citationVitamin D insufficiency – a novel mechanism of statin‐induced myalgia?
Lee, P., Greenfield, J. R., & Campbell, L. V. (2008) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03448.x · Cited by 81 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Low vitamin D levels are associated with statin myopathy.(78,79) Replacement of vitamin D in persons with low levels increases strength and function and decreases falls.”
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“6 g of protein/kg/d have been demonstrated to increase exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy in older persons.(41) Another study found that 1.”
Carla Task Force on Sarcopenia: Propositions for clinical trials
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“Pathological sarcopenia is associated with an extremely high rate of disability.(13) In the United States, sarcopenia has been estimated to have an economic burden related to health care expenditures of $18.”
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“These effects can be maintained for at least 1 year.(87,90,91) Strength training improved distance walked in 6 minutes and gait speed.”
Hamid, Z.-T.-N., Riggs, A. T., Spencer, H. J., Redman, C. W. G., & Bodenner, D. (2006) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2006.07.005 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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Self-citationCreatine supplementation improves muscle strength in patients with congestive heart failure.
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“A whey protein supplement has been shown to augment the muscle strengthening effects of resistance exercise.(48,49) Solerte et al(50) studied 41 persons with sarcopenia with an age range of 66 to 84 years in a randomized trial.”
Self-citationFaager, G., Söderlund, K., Sköld, C. M., Rundgren, S., Tollbäck, A., & Jakobsson, P. (2006) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.2006.1.4.445 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fitness efficacy of vibratory exercise compared to walking in postmenopausal women
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“Creatine did not improve strength in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(68,69) or HIV infection.(70)”
Self-citationValidated treatments and therapeutics prospectives regarding pharmacological products for sarcopenia
Onder, G., Vedova, C. D., & Landi, F. (2009) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0209-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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“Creatine alone or with conjugated linolenic acid increased lean body mass and improved strength.(63,64) Low-dose creatine together with a protein supplement increased lean mass and upper limb strength.”
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“A number of studies and 2 meta-analyses in older persons with malnutrition and/or illness have shown positive effects of nutritional supplementation.(28,29) However, these persons had some degree of cachexia and, thus, no conclusion on the effect of supplements on physiological sarcopenia can be drawn.”
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Role of adapted physical activity to prevent the adverse effects of the sarcopenia. A pilot study.
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Longitudinal changes in iron and protein status of elderly Europeans. SENECA Investigators.
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Sarcopenia in Asia: Consensus Report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia
Chen, L.-K., Liu, L.-K., Woo, J., Assantachai, P., Auyeung, T.-W., Bahyah, K. S., Chou, M.-Y., Chen, L.-Y., Hsu, P.-S., Krairit, O., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025 · Cited by 4,051 · see citing works
Frailty Consensus: A Call to Action
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Self-citationA simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans
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“Evidence is emerging that targeted therapies may decrease the negative outcomes associated with being frail (4-6).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationDeutz, N. E. P., Bauer, J. M., Barazzoni, R., Biolo, G., Boirie, Y., Bosy-Westphal, A., Cederholm, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A., Krznariç, Z., Nair, K. S., et al. (2014) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.04.007 · Cited by 1,738 · see citing works
“2 g/kg body weight/day for adults older than 65 years [5,7,19,20].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSARC-F: A simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia
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Self-citationInternational exercise recommendations in older adults (ICFSR): Expert consensus guidelines
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Self-citationSARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes
Malmstrom, T. K., Miller, D. K., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., & Morley, J. E. (2016) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12048 · Cited by 1,155 · see citing works
“This would then allow referral of persons with positive SARC-F scores for further evaluation and to involve them in resistance exercise programmes.(26,27) Testosterone may be useful, but its safety has been questioned.”
Self-citationSarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus
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Self-citationWelcome to the ICD‐10 code for sarcopenia
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Self-citationSarcopenia as a risk factor for falls in elderly individuals: results from the ilSIRENTE study
Landi, F., Liperoti, R., Russo, A., Giovannini, S., Tosato, M., Capoluongo, E., Bernabei, R., & Onder, G. (2012) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.02.007 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle performance and ageing
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“5 g/kg-bw/day may be necessary to slow down or counteract sarcopenia in the elderly.(216,217) Indeed,”
The creatine kinase system and pleiotropic effects of creatine
Wallimann, T., Tokarska-Schlattner, M., & Schlattner, U. (2011) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-0877-3 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
“Recent nutritional recommendations by the US Society for Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disease proposed Cr supplementation together with other measures for the management of sarcopenia (age-dependent progressive muscle loss) which is prevalent among the elderly (Morley et al. 2010).”
BackgroundBauer, J. M., Verlaan, S., Bautmans, I., Brandt, K., Donini, L. M., Maggio, M., McMurdo, M. E. T., Mets, T., Seal, C., Wijers, S. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.021 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
The Asia-Pacific Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Frailty
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Self-citationMorley, J. E., Anker, S. D., & von Haehling, S. (2014) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1007/s13539-014-0161-y · Cited by 611 · see citing works
“There is evidence that leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation will increase muscle mass and probably function [72–75].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTarazona‐Santabalbina, F. J., Gómez‐Cabrera, M. C., Pérez‐Ros, P., Martínez‐Arnau, F. M., Cabo, H., Tsaparas, K., Salvador‐Pascual, A., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., & Viña, J. (2016) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.01.019 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Treatment of Diabetes in Older Adults: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline
LeRoith, D., Biessels, G. J., Braithwaite, S. S., Casanueva, F. F., Draznin, B., Halter, J. B., Hirsch, I. B., McDonnell, M. E., Molitch, M. E., Murad, M. H., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00198 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
“Studies on specific nutrients (protein supplements, branched-chain amino acids, creatine) have not shown consistent benefits (108), although the Society for Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Wasting Diseases recommends measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and replacing them if low in all sarcopenic patients (109).”
BackgroundFish oil–derived n−3 PUFA therapy increases muscle mass and function in healthy older adults
Smith, G. I., Julliand, S., Reeds, D. N., Sinacore, D. R., Klein, S., & Mittendorfer, B. (2015) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.105833 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Aging: Diagnosis, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options - A Mini-Review
Ali, S., & Garcia, J. M. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000356760 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Anorexia of Aging: Risk Factors, Consequences, and Potential Treatments
Landi, F., Calvani, R., Tosato, M., Martone, A. M., Ortolani, E., Savera, G., Sisto, A., & Marzetti, E. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8020069 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
“Furthermore, it is important to highlight that protein should be consumed in a pattern spread out through the day (approximately 30 g at each meal for a 70-kg person) in order optimize the muscular anabolic response [33,34].”
BackgroundDietary protein distribution positively influences 24-h muscle protein synthesis in healthy adults
Mamerow, M. M., Mettler, J. A., English, K. L., Casperson, S. L., Arentson-Lantz, E., Sheffield-Moore, M., Layman, D. K., & Paddon-Jones, D. (2014) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.113.185280 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
“Rather, they are insidious processes precipitated by suboptimal lifestyle practices in early middle age (17,18).”
BackgroundValidating the SARC-F: A Suitable Community Screening Tool for Sarcopenia?
Woo, J., Leung, J., & Morley, J. E. (2014) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.04.021 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
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Sarcopenia Impacts on Short- and Long-term Results of Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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“5) 24 (51) 31 (57) Stage of fibrosis∗ 0.”
Yoshimura, Y., Wakabayashi, H., Yamada, M., Kim, H., Harada, A., & Arai, H. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.03.019 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Ligthart-Melis, G., Luiking, Y., Kakourou, A., Cederholm, T., Maier, A., & de van der Schueren, M. D. V. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.006 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Sarcopenia and Mortality among Older Nursing Home Residents
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sarcopenia Among Nursing Home Older Residents
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Of mice and men: the benefits of caloric restriction, exercise, and mimetics
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Sarcopenia: assessment of disease burden and strategies to improve outcomes
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Sarcopenia in the elderly: Diagnosis, physiopathology and treatment
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“Low levels of 25(OH)D and high concentrations of PTH are associated with frailty in elderly men [80–82] and with an increase in mortality [83].”
BackgroundLive strong and prosper: the importance of skeletal muscle strength for healthy ageing
McLeod, M., Breen, L., Hamilton, D. L., & Philp, A. (2016) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-015-9631-7 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
“Keywords Skeletal muscle Strength Health Protein synthesis Physiology Protein metabolism”
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“transduction pathways involved in initiating translation such as the mTOR signalling pathway((16,17)).”
BackgroundIzquierdo, M., de Souto Barreto, P., Arai, H., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Cadore, E. L., Cesari, M., Chen, L.-K., Coen, P. M., Courneya, K. S., Duque, G., et al. (2025) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100401 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
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“Adequate calorie and protein intake and resistance training are key components in the management of sarcopenia [11, 12].”
BackgroundTolson, D., Rolland, Y., Andrieu, S., Aquino, J., Beard, J., Bénétos, A., Berrut, G., Coll‐Planas, L., Dong, B., Forette, F., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2010.12.013 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationMalnutrition Screening and Assessment in Hospitalised Older People: A Review
Dent, E., Hoogendijk, E. O., Visvanathan, R., & Wright, O. R. L. (2019) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-019-1176-z · Cited by 251 · see citing works
“Similarly, malnutrition is closely related to sarcopenia (51), which is the “age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function” (52, 53).”
Protein and amino acid restriction, aging and disease: from yeast to humans
Mirzaei, H., Suarez, J. A., & Longo, V. D. (2014) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2014.07.002 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
The role of nutrition in inflammaging
Giosia, P. D., Stamerra, C. A., Giorgini, P., Jamialahamdi, T., Butler, A. E., & Sahebkar, A. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101596 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Pharmacologic Options for the Treatment of Sarcopenia
Morley, J. E. (2016) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-015-0022-5 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
“There is some evidence for synergistic effects of exercise and protein to enhance muscle function [84–86].”
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Protein Intake and Muscle Health in Old Age: From Biological Plausibility to Clinical Evidence
Landi, F., Calvani, R., Tosato, M., Martone, A., Ortolani, E., Savera, G., D’Angelo, E., Sisto, A., & Marzetti, E. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8050295 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
“, 25–35 g) of high-quality protein sources at every meal [35,39].”
BackgroundKozar, R. A., Arbabi, S., Stein, D. M., Shackford, S. R., Barraco, R. D., Biffl, W. L., Brasel, K. J., Cooper, Z. R., Fakhry, S. M., Livingston, D. H., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000000656 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
“GTPs frequently experience age-related sarcopenia and, with trauma-induced catabolism, are extremely susceptible to loss of lean body mass.(25) Computed tomography (CT) is being used as a noninvasive method for measuring muscle mass and changes in body composition over time.”
MethodThe impact of sleep on age-related sarcopenia: Possible connections and clinical implications
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“As a result, leucineenriched balanced amino acid supplements are now considered as part of the nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia [111].”
BackgroundUndernutrition in older adults
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Self-citationThe role of dietary protein intake in the prevention of sarcopenia of aging
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Differentiating Sarcopenia and Cachexia Among Patients With Cancer
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“protein (leucine-enriched amino acids) and energy intakes as a key component.(34) Various studies have reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation exerted positive effects on the maintenance of weight and lean body mass, and EPA could reduce inflammation.”
Protein and exercise in the prevention of sarcopenia and aging
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Biochemical Pathways of Sarcopenia and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise: A Narrative Review
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“To date, physical exercise, especially if in combination with appropriate nutritional supplementation (71), is considered to be the only effective intervention to manage sarcopenia and prevent its adverse outcomes (72).”
BackgroundHoriguchi, H., Loftus, T. J., Hawkins, R. B., Raymond, S. L., Stortz, J. A., Hollen, M. K., Weiss, B. P., Miller, E. S., Bihorac, A., Larson, S. D., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00595 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
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“A decline in nutritional intake plays a prominent role in development of sarcopenia in elderly individuals [28].”
BackgroundCURRENT NUTRITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS AND NOVEL DIETARY STRATEGIES TO MANAGE SARCOPENIA
Calvani, R., Miccheli, A., Landi, F., Bossola, M., Cesari, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Sieber, C. C., Bernabei, R., & Marzetti, E. (2013) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2013.7 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
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“5 g/kg BW/d, comprising up to 30% of total daily energy intake.(63,73) Besides the importance of the overall amount of ingested protein, there is evidence that because of anabolic resistance, older individuals have a higher per-meal protein threshold (ie, 25–30 g of protein per meal), which has to be exceeded at every…”
Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly: An Overview
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“Essential amino acids such as leucine and isoleucine are necessary to promote muscle protein synthesis (95, 96).”
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Correia, M. I. T. D., Hegazi, R. A. F., Higashiguchi, T., Michel, J., Reddy, B. R., Tappenden, K. A., Uyar, M., & Muscaritoli, M. (2014) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.05.011 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
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Frailty in Nursing Homes: The FRAIL-NH Scale
Kaehr, E. W., Visvanathan, R., Malmstrom, T. K., & Morley, J. E. (2014) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.12.002 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationAnorexia of ageing: a key component in the pathogenesis of both sarcopenia and cachexia
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Self-citationMuñoz, N., Posthauer, M. E., Cereda, E., Schols, J. M. G. A., & Haesler, E. (2020) · Advances in Skin & Wound Care · doi:10.1097/01.asw.0000653144.90739.ad · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationAnorexia of Aging: A Modifiable Risk Factor for Frailty
Martone, A. M., Onder, G., Vetrano, D. L., Ortolani, E., Tosato, M., Marzetti, E., & Landi, F. (2013) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu5104126 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“3 g/kg/day [33] and that this amount of protein should be consumed according to a spread pattern during the day in order to ensure an optimal muscular anabolic response [34].”
Backgroundter Borg, S., de Groot, L. C. P. G. M., Mijnarends, D. M., de Vries, J. H. M., Verlaan, S., Meijboom, S., Luiking, Y. C., & Schols, J. M. G. A. (2016) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.12.015 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Body composition and sarcopenia: The next-generation of personalized oncology and pharmacology?
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Sarcopenia and frailty: new challenges for clinical practice
Dodds, R. M., & Sayer, A. A. (2016) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.16-5-455 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Cereda, E., Pisati, R., Rondanelli, M., & Caccialanza, R. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14071524 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“Accordingly, in order to stop and possibly reverse the loss of muscle mass and function, the current guideline-based recommended treatment consists of resistance exercise training, protein intake optimization and addressing vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency [8,24,25].”
BackgroundInfluentialExercise and Protein Intake: A Synergistic Approach against Sarcopenia
Martone, A. M., Marzetti, E., Calvani, R., Picca, A., Tosato, M., Santoro, L., Giorgio, A. D., Nesci, A., Sisto, A., Santoliquido, A., et al. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/2672435 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“5 g/kg/day of protein may be required in older adults with acute or chronic diseases [10, 16, 17].”
BackgroundNutritional Interventions for Elderly and Considerations for the Development of Geriatric Foods
Kaur, D., Rasane, P., Singh, J., Kaur, S., Kumar, V., Mahato, D. K., Dey, A., Dhawan, K., & Kumar, S. (2019) · Current Aging Science · doi:10.2174/1874609812666190521110548 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Liu, D., Wang, S., Liu, S., Wang, Q., Che, X., & Wu, G. (2024) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2024.101270 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Nutritional influences on age-related skeletal muscle loss
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“P ro ce ed in gs o f th e N u tr it io n So ci et y where required, to achieve circulating levels of 100nmol/l((14)).”
BackgroundMitchell, C. J., Milan, A. M., Mitchell, S. M., Zeng, N., Ramzan, F., Sharma, P., Knowles, S. O., Roy, N. C., Sjödin, A., Wagner, K.-H., et al. (2017) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.160325 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The Role of Nutrition for Pressure Ulcer Management
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Self-citationMayr, R., Gierth, M., Zeman, F., Reiffen, M., Seeger, P., Wezel, F., Pycha, A., Comploj, E., Bonatti, M., Ritter, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12279 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“Adequate calorie and protein intake, combined with resistance training, are the key components in the management of sarcopenic patients.(26,27) A prospective Japanese single-centre study demonstrated that sarcopenic patients older than 65 years undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer had significantly lower caloric…”
BackgroundVitamin D, a modulator of musculoskeletal health in chronic kidney disease
Molina, P., Carrero, J. J., Bover, J., Chauveau, P., Mazzaferro, S., & Ureña, P. (2017) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12218 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Let thy food be thy medicine….when possible
Witkamp, R. F., & van Norren, K. (2018) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.026 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Osteosarcopenic Obesity: Current Knowledge, Revised Identification Criteria and Treatment Principles
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Frailty, Sarcopenia, and Hormones
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“…between BMI and grip strength is consistent with reports that in older people overly restrictive diets are not advantageous (30), higher BMI is associated with lower mortality (31) and that chronic undernutrition plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and frailty (32, 33).”
Inflammaging and Skeletal Muscle: Can Protein Intake Make a Difference?
Draganidis, D., Karagounis, L. G., Athanailidis, I., Chatzinikolaou, A., Jamurtas, A. Z., & Fatouros, I. G. (2016) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.116.230912 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Weight management in older adults
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“The Society for Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting developed nutritional recommendations for persons with sarcopenia [65].”
Treatment Strategies for Sarcopenia and Frailty
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Pathophysiology of the anorexia of aging
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Self-citationSarcopenia and frailty: new challenges for clinical practice
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“2 g/kg/day) with large amounts of essential amino acids such as leucine [9].”
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“Adequate protein intake, such as leucine-enriched amino acids, can improve the regeneration of skeletal muscles.(34,87) Besides, calorie restriction may represent potential means in ameliorating sarcopenic status.”
BackgroundSarcopenia and Diabetes: Two Sides of the Same Coin
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A higher alkaline dietary load is associated with greater indexes of skeletal muscle mass in women
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“Additionally, since protein is also involved in muscle metabolism, we included percentage protein in the final model [3].”
BackgroundInfluentialSarcopenia as a Risk Factor for Prosthetic Infection After Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty
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- Authors
- Morley, J. E., Argiles, J. M., Evans, W. J., Bhasin, S., Cella, D., Deutz, N. E. P., Doehner, W., Fearon, K. C. H., Ferrucci, L., Hellerstein, M. K., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Lochs, H., MacDonald, N., Mulligan, K., Muscaritoli, M., Ponikowski, P., Posthauer, M. E., Fanelli, F. R., Schambelan, M., Schols, A. M. W. J., Schuster, M. W., & Anker, S. D.
- Affiliations
- St. Louis VA Medical Center (US)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United States) (US)
- Boston Medical Center (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (DE)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- McGill University (CA)
- San Francisco General Hospital (US)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Wroclaw Medical University (PL)
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Morley, John E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 391-396
- ISSN
- 1525-8610 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4623318
- OpenAlex
- W2104371315
- Cited by
- 664
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (ZIAAG001050)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, dietary recommendations, protein intake, creatine supplementation, resistance training, aerobic exercise, muscle mass loss, muscle strength, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation, cachexia, wasting disease
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Humans, Guidelines as Topic, Sarcopenia
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