Inflammation and frailty in older women
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate relationships between white blood cell (WBC) count and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and prevalent frailty. DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study. SETTING: Two population‐based studies, the Women's Health and Aging Studies (WHAS) I and II, Baltimore, Maryland. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred fifty‐eight women aged 65 to 101 from WHAS I and 548 women aged 70 to 79 from the merged WHAS I and II cohorts. MEASUREMENTS: Frailty was determined using validated screening criteria. WBC counts and IL‐6 levels were measured using standard laboratory methods. Odds ratios (ORs) for frailty were evaluated across tertiles of baseline WBC counts and IL‐6 levels, adjusting for age, race, education, body mass index, and smoking status. RESULTS: In WHAS I, those in the top tertile of WBC count and IL‐6 had ORs of 4.25 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.89–9.58) and 3.98 (95% CI=1.76–9.00), respectively, for frailty (both P< .001). In the combined models, participants in the top tertile of WBC count had an OR of 3.15 (95% CI=1.34–7.41), adjusting for IL‐6 ( P< .01), and those in the top tertile of IL‐6 had an OR of 2.81 (95% CI=1.19–6.64), adjusting for WBC count ( P< .05). Furthermore, participants in the top tertiles of WBC count and IL‐6 had an OR of 9.85 (95% CI=3.04–31.99), and those in the middle/top tertiles had an OR of 5.40 (95% CI=1.83–15.92) ( P< .001, trend test) for frailty. These results were validated in the merged WHAS I and II. CONCLUSION: Higher WBC counts and IL‐6 levels were independently associated with prevalent frailty in community‐dwelling older women.
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Several inflammatory markers-IL-6, CRP, TNFα and CXCL-10 among them-have each been independently linked to frailty.
“A range of inflammatory cytokines have been independently associated with frailty including interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and CXC chemokine ligand-10 (CXCL-10), a potent pro-inflammatory mediator (52, 54-58).”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [55]
Inflammation appears central to frailty via an abnormal low-grade state that overreacts to stimuli and remains active long after the trigger is gone.
“There is evidence that inflammation has a key role in the pathophysiology of frailty through an abnormal, low-grade inflammatory response that is hyper-responsive to stimuli and that persists for a prolonged period following removal of the initial inflammatory stimulus (19, 52-57).”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [55]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Leng, S. X., Xue, Q., Tian, J., Walston, J. D., & Fried, L. P.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leng, Sean X.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-05-09
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 864-871
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- OpenAlex
- W1581404153
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 11.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R21AG024235, K23AG028963, P30AG021334)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
- Keywords
- frailty, inflammation, older women, white blood cell count, interleukin-6, community-dwelling older adults, chronic inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status, Humans, Inflammation, Leukocyte Count, Motor Activity, Physical Endurance, Residence Characteristics, Cohort Studies, Weight Loss, Interleukin-6, Frail Elderly, Hand Strength
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