Clinical presentation of COVID19 in dementia patients
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: No studies analyzing the role of dementia as a risk factor for mortality in patients affected by COVID-19. We assessed the prevalence, clinical presentation and outcomes of dementia among subjects hospitalized for COVID19 infection. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: COVID wards in Acute Hospital in Brescia province, Northern Italy. PARTICIPANTS: We used data from 627 subjects admitted to Acute Medical wards with COVID 19 pneumonia. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical records of each patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID19 infection were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis of dementia, modalities of onset of the COVID-19 infection, symptoms of presentation at the hospital and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: Dementia was diagnosed in 82 patients (13.1%). The mortality rate was 62.2% (51/82) among patients affected by dementia compared to 26.2% (143/545) in subjects without dementia (p<0.001, Chi-Squared test). In a logistic regression model age, and the diagnosis of dementia resulted independently associated with a higher mortality, and patients diagnosed with dementia presented an OR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.09-3.13, p<0.05). Among patients diagnosed with dementia the most frequent symptoms of onset were delirium, especially in the hypoactive form, and worsening of the functional status. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of dementia, especially in the most advanced stages, represents an important risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in subjects with dementia is atypical, reducing early recognition of symptoms and hospitalization.
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Retrospective investigations of large cohorts of hospitalised patients found that the most common symptoms in those with dementia were delirium, especially hypoactive, and altered consciousness.
“Retrospective investigations of large cohorts of hospitalised patients found that the most common symptoms in those with dementia were delirium, especially in its hypoactive variant, and altered consciousness (15, 17).”
From The impact of COVID-19 infection and enforced prolonged social isolation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with and without dementia: A review (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
Delirium is the most common behavioural symptom recorded at the peak of COVID-19 infection, and even at onset, in the absence of any other symptoms, especially in patients with dementia.
“The evidence we have reviewed in the current manuscript is limited to a small number of studies that converge towards delirium being the most common behavioural symptom recorded at the peak of the infection, and even at onset, in the absence of any other symptoms (13), especially in patients with dementia (17).”
From The impact of COVID-19 infection and enforced prolonged social isolation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with and without dementia: A review (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
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The inter-relationship between delirium and dementia: the importance of delirium prevention
Fong, T. G., & Inouye, S. K. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-022-00698-7 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Restoring trust: COVID-19 and the future of long-term care in Canada
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“We are also learning that older adults with dementia have a different disease course and symptoms for COVID-19 and have higher mortality rates than those without dementia (Bianchetti et al. 2020).”
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Dementia wellbeing and COVID-19: review and expert consensus on current research and knowledge gaps
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- Authors
- Bianchetti, A., Rozzini, R., Guerini, F., Boffelli, S., Ranieri, P., Minelli, G., Bianchetti, L., & Trabucchi, M.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Bianchetti, Angelo
- Venue
- The Journal of nutrition, health and aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 560-562
- ISSN
- 1279-7707 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7227170
- OpenAlex
- W3024115442
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 58
- FWCI
- 8.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The journal of nutrition health & aging (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, dementia, COVID-19 mortality, risk factors, clinical features, delirium, hypoactive delirium, functional status, hospitalized patients, COVID-19 pneumonia
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dementia, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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