The inter-relationship between delirium and dementia: the importance of delirium prevention
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Delirium and dementia are two frequent causes of cognitive impairment among older adults and have a distinct, complex and interconnected relationship. Delirium is an acute confusional state characterized by inattention, cognitive dysfunction and an altered level of consciousness, whereas dementia is an insidious, chronic and progressive loss of a previously acquired cognitive ability. People with dementia have a higher risk of developing delirium than the general population, and the occurrence of delirium is an independent risk factor for subsequent development of dementia. Furthermore, delirium in individuals with dementia can accelerate the trajectory of the underlying cognitive decline. Delirium prevention strategies can reduce the incidence of delirium and associated adverse outcomes, including falls and functional decline. Therefore, delirium might represent a modifiable risk factor for dementia, and interventions that prevent or minimize delirium might also reduce or prevent long-term cognitive impairment. Additionally, understanding the pathophysiology of delirium and the connection between delirium and dementia might ultimately lead to additional treatments for both conditions. In this Review, we explore mechanisms that might be common to both delirium and dementia by reviewing evidence on shared biomarkers, and we discuss the importance of delirium recognition and prevention in people with dementia.
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Experiencing delirium, a sudden and transient state of confusion common in hospitalized older adults, has been linked to long-term cognitive decline and dementia.
“Furthermore, experiencing delirium — a sudden and transient state of confusion common in hospitalized older adults — has been linked to long‐term cognitive decline and dementia.”
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Delirium disorder: Unity in diversity
Oldham, M. A. (2021) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.11.007 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Melatonin for delirium prevention in acute medically ill, and perioperative geriatric patients
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Care for Older People with Dementia During COVID-19 Pandemic
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Cited by
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2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13809 · Cited by 2,536 · see citing works
Predicting early Alzheimer’s with blood biomarkers and clinical features
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- Authors
- Fong, T. G., & Inouye, S. K.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fong, Tamara G.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neurology
- Published
- 2022-08-26
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 579-596
- ISSN
- 1759-4758 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-4766
- PMC
- PMC9415264
- OpenAlex
- W4293116166
- Cited by
- 404
- References
- 176
- Citations by year
- 2026: 113 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 15.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
- Keywords
- delirium, dementia, delirium prevention, cognitive impairment, older adults, cognitive decline, falls, functional decline, shared biomarkers, pathophysiology, delirium detection
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Delirium, Dementia, Humans, Biomarkers, Incidence, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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