Cited by 1,040Artificial Intelligence in HealthcareArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationAI in cancer detection

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Artificial intelligence in disease diagnosis: a systematic literature review, synthesizing framework and future research agenda

Open access
Kumar, Yogesh, Koul, Apeksha, Singla, Ruchi, Ijaz, Muhammad Fazal·2023·Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing

Abstract

Artificial intelligence can assist providers in a variety of patient care and intelligent health systems. Artificial intelligence techniques ranging from machine learning to deep learning are prevalent in healthcare for disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and patient risk identification. Numerous medical data sources are required to perfectly diagnose diseases using artificial intelligence techniques, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, genomics, computed tomography scan, etc. Furthermore, artificial intelligence primarily enhanced the infirmary experience and sped up preparing patients to continue their rehabilitation at home. This article covers the comprehensive survey based on artificial intelligence techniques to diagnose numerous diseases such as Alzheimer, cancer, diabetes, chronic heart disease, tuberculosis, stroke and cerebrovascular, hypertension, skin, and liver disease. We conducted an extensive survey including the used medical imaging dataset and their feature extraction and classification process for predictions. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines are used to select the articles published up to October 2020 on the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Excerpta Medical Database, and Psychology Information for early prediction of distinct kinds of diseases using artificial intelligence-based techniques. Based on the study of different articles on disease diagnosis, the results are also compared using various quality parameters such as prediction rate, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, the area under curve precision, recall, and F1-score.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s12652-021-03612-zThis paper is marked retracted.

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143 of 143 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • By leveraging multimodal technologies, AI agents can simultaneously analyze various data sources-such as medical imaging, electronic health records, and genetic data-to assist in diagnosis, predict patient outcomes, and recommend personalized treatment plans.

    “By leveraging multimodal technologies, AI agents can simultaneously analyze various data sources—such as medical imaging, electronic health records, and genetic data—to assist in diagnosis, predict patient outcomes, and recommend personalized treatment plans.46,47,48”

    From A foundational architecture for AI agents in healthcare (2025) · cites this paper as [48]

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  • The complexity of plant genomes and gene interactions complicates the breeding process, as one gene's expression can influence another's expression, leading to unintended phenotypic outcomes.

    “The complexity of plant genomes and gene interactions complicates the breeding process, as one gene’s expression can influence another’s expression, leading to unintended phenotypic outcomes (Kumar, 2023).”

    From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Kumar, 2023

    The Introduction and Investigation 5 discuss AI in healthcare and challenges in disease prediction, not plant breeding. Searches for plant genomes, gene interactions, breeding, and phenotypic outcomes found no passage in our copy addressing the claim. Page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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  • Multi-omics approaches have identified OsBADH2 and OsMPK2 in rice as targets that could enhance drought resilience.

    “Multi-omics approaches have identified targets like OsBADH2 and OsMPK2 in rice that could enhance drought resilience (Kumar, 2023).”

    From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Kumar, 2023

    The cited paper’s sections on chronic disease diagnosis and its discussion of AI methods address human health conditions, not rice drought resilience. Searches for OsBADH2, OsMPK2, rice, drought resilience, and multi-omics found no passage in our copy addressing the attributed claim. Page numbers were not available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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  • Targeting ABA signaling genes such as PYL receptors has improved drought tolerance across various species.

    “Targeting ABA signaling genes, such as PYL receptors, has improved drought tolerance across various species (Kumar, 2023).”

    From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Kumar, 2023

    The cited paper’s Diabetes detection (§4.3) and Hypertension disease detection (§4.8) passages discuss AI applications in human disease diagnosis, not plant drought tolerance. Searches for PYL receptors, ABA signaling, abscisic acid, and drought tolerance found no passage addressing the claim in our copy. No page numbers were provided for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. George A, Badagabettu S, Berra K, George L, Kamath V, Thimmappa L (2018) Prevention of cardiovascular disease in India. Clin Prev Cardiol 7:72-77. https:// doi. org/ 10. 4013/ JCPC. JCPC_ 31_ 17 · DOI
  2. Kather J, Pearson A, Halama N, Krause J, Boor P (2019) Deep learn- ing microsatellite instability directly from histology in gastro- intestinal cancer. Nat Med 25:1054-1056
  3. Kumar Y, Sood K, Kaul S, Vasuja R (2020). Big data analytics in healthcare. Springer, Cham, pp 3-21
  4. Panicker RO, Kalmady KS, Rajan J, Sabu MK (2018) Automatic detection of tuberculosis bacilli from microscopic sputum smear images using deep learning methods. Biocybern Biomed Eng 38(3):691-699. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. bbe. 2018. 05. 007 · DOI
  5. Singh J, Tripathy A, Garg P, Kumar A (2020) Lung Alzheimer detec- tion using anti-aliased convolutional networks networks. Proc Comput Sci 173:281-290. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. eswa. 2018. 07. 014 · DOI
  6. Srinivasu PN, Ahmed S, Alhumam A, Kumar AB, Ijaz MF (2021) An AW-HARIS based automated segmentation of human liver using CT images. Comput Mater Contin 69(3):3303-3319
  7. Thai DT, Minh QT, Phung PH (2017) Toward an IoT-based expert sys- tem for heart disease diagnosis. In: Modern artificial intelligence and cognitive science conference, vol 1964, pp 157-164

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Authors
Kumar, Y., Koul, A., Singla, R., & Ijaz, M. F.
Affiliations
  • Indus University (IN)
  • Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (IN)
  • Sejong University (KR)
Corresponding author
  • Kumar, Yogesh
  • Koul, Apeksha
  • Singla, Ruchi
  • Ijaz, Muhammad Fazal
Venue
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing
Published
2022-01-13
Volume
14
Issue
7
Pages
8459-8486
ISSN
  • 1868-5137 (ISSN-L)
  • 1868-5145
OpenAlex
W4205941964
Cited by
1,040
References
143
Citations by year
2026: 136 · 2025: 322 · 2024: 332 · 2023: 200 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 1
FWCI
32.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Status
Retracted
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
sejong university (Research fund)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in cancer detection
Keywords
artificial intelligence in healthcare, disease diagnosis, diagnostic imaging, deep learning, machine learning, medical image classification, feature extraction, early disease prediction, Alzheimer's disease, cancer diagnosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, skin diseases, liver disease, tuberculosis, stroke, chronic heart disease, model performance comparison

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