Recruitment and initial interest of men in yoga for smoking cessation: QuitStrong, a randomized control pilot study
Open accessAbstract
Innovative treatments like yoga for men's smoking cessation (SC) are lacking. To examine the feasibility and acceptability of yoga for men's SC. We randomly assigned eligible men (smoker, ≥5 cigarettes/day, age 18-65) to receive cognitive behavioral therapy for SC, plus a yoga or wellness program. Measures included feasibility (recruitment, class attendance) and acceptability (customer satisfaction). We enrolled 38 of 49 eligible men of 167 screened in response to ads (mean age 39.9 years, ±13.7) who smoked on average 18.6 cigarettes/day (±8.3). Wellness (75.8 %) versus yoga (56 %) men attended more SC classes, p < 0.01. Sixty percent attended ≥1 yoga class. Men reported greater satisfaction with in-house versus community yoga classes. Wellness appears to be the preferred intervention; results indicated that it may be more feasible and showed increased attendance at smoking classes. To be fully feasible, yoga + SC may need to be a unified program offering all classes tailored for men and in the same location.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Gaskins 2015 observed no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences between conditions, nor any significant group by time interactions, for depression, anxiety, and a composite measure at 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months.
“No statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences between conditions, nor any significant group by time interactions, were observed.”
From Mindfulness for smoking cessation (2022) · cites this paper as Gaskins 2015
The Secondary longitudinal analyses section (page unavailable) reports no significant group or group-by-time effects for the depression (CESD), anxiety (STAIT), and PSPP total scores across 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. It does not establish that the differences were not clinically meaningful. The finding also should not be extended to smoking outcomes, for which the paper reports a significant group effect. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGaskins 2015 reported no significant difference in the odds of smoking abstinence between the yoga intervention arm and less intensive comparator arm at six-month follow-up (OR 2.38, 95% CI 0.52 to 10.8, P = 0.265).
“Gaskins 2015 also reported no significant difference in the odds of smoking abstinence between the intervention arm and less intensive comparator arm at six‐month follow‐up (OR 2.38, 95% CI 0.52 to 10.8, P = 0.265).”
From Mindfulness for smoking cessation (2022) · cites this paper as Gaskins 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
(1970) · Cited by 24,983 · see citing works
The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire
HEATHERTON, T. F., KOZLOWSKI, L. T., FRECKER, R. C., & FAGERSTROM, K. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x · Cited by 10,738 · see citing works
In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors.
Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., & Norcross, J. C. (1992) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.47.9.1102 · Cited by 8,596 · see citing works
Longitudinal Data Analysis for Discrete and Continuous Outcomes
Zeger, S. L., & Liang, K. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531248 · Cited by 7,730 · see citing works
2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: A Second Update of Codes and MET Values
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., HERRMANN, S. D., MECKES, N., BASSETT, D. R., TUDOR-LOCKE, C., GREER, J. L., VEZINA, J., WHITT-GLOVER, M. C., & LEON, A. S. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31821ece12 · Cited by 6,317 · see citing works
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update
Panel, T. U. A. D. G. (2008) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e566222009-001 · Cited by 3,864 · see citing works
Treating tobacco use and dependence-Clinical practice guideline
Mc, F. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,616 · see citing works
Dialysis Dose and Intradialytic Hypotension: Results from the HEMO Study
Causland, F. R. M., Brunelli, S. M., & Waikar, S. S. (2013) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000355958 · Cited by 2,705 · see citing works
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence
(2008) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1627 · Cited by 2,701 · see citing works
The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General
Office on Smoking (2004) · Cited by 2,414 · see citing works
Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: a validation study.
Weissman, M., Sholomskas, D., Pottenger, M., Prusoff, B., & Locke, B. Z. (1977) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112455 · Cited by 2,232 · see citing works
Clinical Practice Guideline: Otitis Media with Effusion (Update)
Rosenfeld, R. M., Shin, J. J., Schwartz, S. R., Coggins, R., Gagnon, L., Hackell, J. M., Hoelting, D., Hunter, L. L., Kummer, A. W., Payne, S. C., et al. (2016) · Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1177/0194599815623467 · Cited by 2,006 · see citing works
Signs and Symptoms of Tobacco Withdrawal
Hughes, J. R. (1986) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013 · Cited by 1,669 · see citing works
Measuring mindfulness—The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.025 · Cited by 1,475 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We also assessed for depression (CES-D) [51, 52], anxiety (STAIT) [53], mindfulness (Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)) [54], and physical self worth, attractiveness, physical strength, and condition (Physical Self Perception Profile Scale (PSPP)) [55].”
MethodTanoue, L. T. (2007) · Yearbook of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0084-3873(08)70176-7 · Cited by 1,413 · see citing works
Outcome criteria in smoking cessation trials: proposal for a common standard
West, R., Hajek, P., Stead, L., & Stapleton, J. (2005) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00995.x · Cited by 1,285 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Assessments included measures of demographics (e.g., race, income, and education), smoking history and dependence (Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND)) [35, 44], smoking rate and selfreported medication usage (e.g., NRT), and withdrawal symptoms.”
MethodInfluentialThe Physical Self-Perception Profile: Devlopment and Preliminary Validation
Fox, K. R., & Corbin, C. B. (1989) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.11.4.408 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
Trends in use of complementary and alternative medicine by US adults: 1997-2002.
Tindle, H. A., Davis, R. B., Phillips, R. S., & Eisenberg, D. M. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Smoking, stress, and negative affect: Correlation, causation, and context across stages of smoking.
Kassel, J. D., Stroud, L. R., & Paronis, C. A. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.270 · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works
Relapse situations and self-efficacy: An integrative model
Velicer, W. F., DiClemente, C. C., Rossi, J. S., & Prochaska, J. O. (1990) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(90)90070-e · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Quitting Smoking Among Adults — United States, 2001–2010
Tanoue, L. T. (2012) · Yearbook of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0084-3873(12)00225-8 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged = 18 years - United States, 2009
Peachacek, T. F., Kaufmann, R. B., Caraballo, R. S., James, C., Regan, A. K., & Dube, S. R. (2010) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Pomerleau, C. S., Carton, S. M., Lutzke, M. L., Flessland, K. A., & Pomerleau, O. F. (1994) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(94)90049-3 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Quitting smoking among adults--United States, 2001-2010.
(2011) · PubMed · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Effects of Yoga on Mental and Physical Health: A Short Summary of Reviews
Büssing, A., Michalsen, A., Khalsa, S. B. S., Telles, S., & Sherman, K. J. (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/165410 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
The Efficacy of Exercise as an Aid for Smoking Cessation in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Marcus, B. H., Albrecht, A. E., King, T. K., Parisi, A. F., Pinto, B. M., Roberts, M., Niaura, R. S., & Abrams, D. B. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.11.1229 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Vital signs: current cigarette smoking among adults aged ≥18 years--United States, 2005-2010.
(2011) · PubMed · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Characteristics of Yoga Users: Results of a National Survey
Birdee, G. S., Legedza, A. T., Saper, R. B., Bertisch, S. M., Eisenberg, D. M., & Phillips, R. S. (2008) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0735-5 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Sex differences in long-term smoking cessation rates due to nicotine patch
Perkins, K. A., & Scott, J. (2008) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200802097506 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Taylor, A. H., Ussher, M. H., & Faulkner, G. (2007) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01739.x · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Bijlani, R. L., Vempati, R. P., Yadav, R. K., Ray, R. B., Gupta, V., Sharma, R., Mehta, N., & Mahapatra, S. C. (2005) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2005.11.267 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Development and validation of a scale measuring self‐efficacy of current and former smokers
Etter, J., Bergman, M. M., Humair, J., & Perneger, T. (2000) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.9569017.x · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Health Impacts of Yoga and Pranayama: A State‑of‑the‑Art Review
Sengupta, P. (2012) · Digital Repository at the University of Maryland · doi:10.13016/lxqd-lc0o · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Yoga for Cancer Patients and Survivors
Bower, J. E., Woolery, A., Sternlieb, B., & Garet, D. (2005) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/107327480501200304 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Revised Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire.
Adams, R. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 202 · see citing works
National survey of yoga practitioners: Mental and physical health benefits
Ross, A. C., Friedmann, E., Bevans, M. F., & Thomas, S. A. (2013) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2013.04.001 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Roberts, V., Maddison, R., Simpson, C., Bullen, C., & Harry Prapavessis, A. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2731-z · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Task Force 1: Classification and assessment of smoking behavior.
Ossip-Klein, D. J., Bigelow, G. E., Parker, S. R., Curry, S. J., & al, E. (1986) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.5.suppl.3 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 18 and over in the United States, 1998-2009.
Akinbami, L. J., & Liu, X. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Smoking as a weight-control strategy and its relationship to smoking status
Weekley, C. K., Klesges, R. C., & Reylea, G. (1992) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(92)90031-p · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Kochupillai, V., Kumar, P., SINGH, D., Aggarwal, D., Bhardwaj, N. K., Bhutani, M., & Das, S. N. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1352.039 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Yoga as a complementary treatment for smoking cessation in women
Bock, B. C., Fava, J. L., Gaskins, R., Morrow, K. M., Williams, D. M., Jennings, E., Becker, B. M., Tremont, G., & Marcus, B. H. (2012) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2011.2963 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of yogic practice on pulmonary functions in young females.
Yadav, R., & Das, S. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Schnoll, R. A., Martinez, E., Tatum, K. L., Glass, M., Bernath, A. M., Ferris, D. G., & Reynolds, P. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.024 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Task Force 1: Classification and assessment of smoking behavior.
Ossip-Klein, D. J., Bigelow, G. E., Parker, S. R., et al. (1986) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.5.suppl.3 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Effect of yogic practices on subjective well being.
Malathi, A., Damodaran, A., Shah, N., Patil, N., & Maratha, S. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Concurrent versus delayed smoking cessation treatment for persons in early alcohol recovery
Kalman, D., Hayes, K. L., Colby, S. M., Eaton, C. A., Rohsenow, D. J., & Monti, P. M. (2001) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(00)00174-4 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Hatha Yoga on Craving to Smoke
Elibero, A., Rensburg, K. J. V., & Drobes, D. J. (2011) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr163 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Perkins, K. A., Conklin, C. A., & Levine, M. D. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation
Killen, J. D., Fortmann, S. P., Schatzberg, A. F., Arredondo, C., Murphy, G. M., Hayward, C., Celio, M., Cromp, D., Fong, D., & Pandurangi, M. (2008) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02273.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Shahab, L., Sarkar, B. K., & West, R. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2876-9 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Shadel, W. G., & Mermelstein, R. J. (1993) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.12.6.443 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Male reproductive health and yoga
Sengupta, P., Chaudhuri, P., & Bhattacharya, K. (2013) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/0973-6131.113391 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Shadel, W. G., & Mermelstein, R. J. (1993) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.12.6.443 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Grand, R. B. G., Hwang, S. J., Han, J. M., George, T. P., & Brody, A. L. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v68n0611 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The impact of Hatha yoga on smoking behavior.
McIver, S., O’Halloran, P., & McGartland, M. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Discovering the Physical and Psychological Benefits of Yoga for Cancer Survivors
Culos-Reed, S. N., Carlson, L. E., Daroux, L. M., & Hately-Aldous, S. (2004) · International Journal of Yoga Therapy · doi:10.17761/ijyt.14.1.b762r67612407556 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Men's smoking cessation interventions: a brief review
Okoli, C. T. C., Torchalla, I., Oliffe, J. L., & Bottorff, J. L. (2011) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2011.03.003 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mindfulness for smoking cessation
Jackson, S., Brown, J., Norris, E., Livingstone-Banks, J., Hayes, E., & Lindson, N. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013696.pub2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gaskins, R. B., Jennings, E. G., Thind, H., Fava, J. L., Horowitz, S., Lantini, R., Becker, B. M., & Bock, B. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Miriam Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gaskins, Ronnesia B.
- Jennings, Ernestine G.
- Thind, Herpreet
- Fava, Joseph L.
- Horowitz, Santina
- Becker, Bruce M.
- Bock, Beth C.
- Venue
- Translational Behavioral Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-10-18
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 177-188
- ISSN
- 1613-9860 (ISSN-L)
- 1869-6716
- PMC
- PMC4444709
- OpenAlex
- W2031849529
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Translational Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R21AT003669)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- yoga, smoking cessation, men, cognitive behavioral therapy, wellness programs, feasibility, acceptability, recruitment (clinical trials), class attendance, customer satisfaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
