Reliability of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
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The purpose of this study was to assess the test-retest stability of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) in two samples: (a) paid subjects in an American laboratory; data were collected via telephone screen and subsequently via questions embedded in a written history; and (b) smokers hospitalized for depression in Paris; data were collected via a written questionnaire upon admission and again after 3 weeks of treatment for depression. Reliability data are also presented for a recently revised version of the FTQ, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and compared with FTQ data collected in a subsample of subjects in the American database who received both versions of the questionnaire. Both the FTQ (in both samples) and the FTND proved to be highly reliable. The validity of the scales, using cotinine, number of years smoked, and the "addictive" factor on the Classification of Smoking by Motives questionnaire as criterion variables, was also supported. No relationship between FTQ score and severity of depression was detected in either sample. Internal consistency was somewhat higher for the FTND than for the FTQ, replicating previous findings in the literature.
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The FTND has shown good internal consistency, positive relations with key smoking variables (e.g., salivary cotinine), and high degrees of test-retest reliability.
“The FTND has shown good internal consistency, positive relations with key smoking variables (e.g., salivary cotinine; Heatherton et al., 1991 ), and high degrees of test -retest reliability ( Pomerleau, Carton, Lutzke, Flessland, & Pomerleau, 1994 ).”
From Anxiety sensitivity and anxiety and depressive symptoms in the prediction of early smoking lapse and relapse during smoking cessation treatment (2009) · cites this paper as Pomerleau et al., 1994
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- Authors
- Pomerleau, C. S., Carton, S. M., Lutzke, M. L., Flessland, K. A., & Pomerleau, O. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pomerleau, Cynthia S.
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-39
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003941846
- Cited by
- 729
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA006529, DA06529)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, nicotine dependence, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, scale validity, cotinine, smoking motivation, depression, hospitalized smokers, questionnaire revision
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Cotinine, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Depressive Disorder, Drug Tolerance, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Michigan, Nicotine, Paris, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Smoking, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Reproducibility of Results, Smoking Cessation
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