Cited by 254Seed and Plant BiochemistryFood composition and propertiesNatural Products and Applications

Teff (Eragrostis tef) as a raw material for malting, brewing and manufacturing of gluten-free foods and beverages: a review

Open access
Gebremariam, Mekonnen Melaku, Zarnkow, Martin, Becker, Thomas·2014·Journal of Food Science and Technology

Abstract

The demand for gluten-free foods is certainly increasing. Interest in teff has increased noticeably due to its very attractive nutritional profile and gluten-free nature of the grain, making it a suitable substitute for wheat and other cereals in their food applications as well as foods for people with celiac disease. The main objective of this article is to review researches on teff, evaluate its suitability for different food applications, and give direction for further research on its applications for health food market. Teff is a tropical low risk cereal that grows in a wider ecology and can tolerate harsh environmental conditions where most other cereals are less viable. It has an excellent balance of amino acid composition (including all 8 essential amino acids for humans) making it an excellent material for malting and brewing. Because of its small size, teff is made into whole-grain flour (bran and germ included), resulting in a very high fiber content and high nutrient content in general. Teff is useful to improve the haemoglobin level in human body and helps to prevent malaria, incidence of anaemia and diabetes. The nutrient composition of teff grain indicates that it has a good potential to be used in foods and beverages worldwide. The high levels of simple sugars and α-amino acids as a result of breakdown of starch and protein, respectively, are essential for fermentation and beer making.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s13197-012-0745-5

Cites

109 of 109 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Other suitable cereal substitutes are sorghum and maize, as well as pseudocereals chia, quinoa, teff, amaranth and buckwheat.

    “Other suitable cereal substitutes are sorghum and maize (23), as well as pseudocereals (24) chia, quinoa, teff, amaranth and buckwheat (23,25-27).”

    From Gluten-free diet for pediatric patients with coeliac disease: A position paper from the ESPGHAN gastroenterology committee, special interest group in coeliac disease. (2024) · cites this paper as [23]

    The Teff utilization section identifies teff as a gluten-free substitute, and the Conclusion names sorghum, maize and buckwheat as successful gluten-free beer ingredients. The cited paper does not establish chia, quinoa or amaranth as suitable substitutes; its Introduction also classifies teff as a cereal, not a pseudocereal. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Teff is commonly used in Ethiopia to make injera and other fermented products such as soups and alcoholic beverages.

    “Teff is commonly used in Ethiopia to make injera, a typical fermented bread-like food, but also other fermented products, such as soups and alcoholic beverages.49”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 111 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Costanza SH, deWet JMJ, Harlan JR (1980) Literature review and numerical taxonomy of Eragrostis tef (tef). Econ Bot 33:413-424
  2. Molineaux L, Biru M (1965) Tef consumption, hookworm infestation, and hemoglobin levels: a preliminary report. J Health 51(1):1-5
  3. Outtrup H (1989) Haze active peptides in beer. In: Proceedings of the 22nd congress of European Brewery Convention, Zurich, pp 609-616
  4. Sanni LO, Ikuomola DP, Sanni SA (2001) Effect of length of fermen- tation and varieties on the qualities of sweet potato gari. In: Proceedings of the 8th triennial symposium of the international society for tropical root crops-Africa branch (ISTRC-AB), Iba- dan, Nigeria, pp 208-211
  5. Tadesse E (1969) Teff (Eragrostis tef): the cultivation, usage and some of the known diseases and insect pests, part I. Debre Zeit Agri- cultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 60. Alemaya University of Agriculture, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  6. Tefera H, Ayele M, Assefa K (1995) Improved varieties of tef (Era- grostis tef) in Ethiopia, releases of 1970-1995. Research bulletin no 1. Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Alemaya Univer- sity of Agriculture, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Gebremariam, M. M., Zarnkow, M., & Becker, T.
Affiliations
Technical University of Munich (DE)
Corresponding author
Gebremariam, Mekonnen Melaku
Venue
Journal of Food Science and Technology
Published
2012-06-02
Volume
51
Issue
11
Pages
2881-2895
ISSN
  • 0022-1155 (ISSN-L)
  • 0975-8402
OpenAlex
W1973193311
Cited by
254
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
FWCI
0.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Food Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
  • mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Technische Universität München
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Seed and Plant Biochemistry
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Natural Products and Applications
Keywords
Eragrostis tef, gluten-free foods, malting, brewing, beer, celiac disease, whole grain flour, amino acid composition, nutritional profile, fermentation, health foods

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review