Adherence to Medication, Diet and Physical Activity and the Associated Factors Amongst Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
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INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has increased considerably while the outcome of diabetic management is suboptimal. In order to promote diabetic management, associated factors for adherence to medications, diet, and physical activity (PA) need to be more clearly identified amongst patients with T2D. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 men and 294 women amongst patients with diabetes who were registered in ten special diabetic clinics in Shiraz, Iran from November 2018 to April 2019. Levels of adherence to medication, Mediterranean diet (MD), and physical activity were measured with validated and appropriate questionnaires. RESULTS: Mean age (± SD) was 56.92 ± 0.52 years and 294 (58.8%) were female. Data showed that reduced adherence to medication, MD, and PA increased glycated hemoblobin (HbA1c). Adherence to medication among low, moderate, and high levels was 27.2%, 59.2%, and 13.6%, respectively. Associated factors such as 50-64 years of age, at least 65 years of age, overweight, obese, divorced widow, smoker, and ex-smoker had a significant influence on adherence to medication, P = 0.017, P = 0.018, P = 0.008. P = 0.045, P = 0.026, P < 0.004, and P = 0.001, respectively. In addition, adherence to MD among low, moderate, and high levels was 5.4%, 77.2%, and 17.4%, respectively. Associated factors such as 50-64 years of age, at least 65 years of age, overweight, obese, and smoker had a significant influence on adherence to MD, P = 0.011, P = 0.046, P = 0.002, P < 0.001, and P = 0.032, respectively. Furthermore, adherence to PA among low, moderate, and high levels was 21%, 68.6%, and 10.4%, respectively. Only the non-smoker factor played a significant role in PA adherence, P = 0.010. CONCLUSION: Levels of adherence to medications, diet, and PA amongst patients with T2D are not within the acceptable range. Recognized associated factors that contribute to adherence might improve diabetes management and allow one to tailor the appropriate message to improve glycemic indices.
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In a cross-sectional study of 500 patients with type 2 diabetes, mean HbA1c was lower with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
“Mean HbA1c was 8.57 (±standard deviation, SD 1.94), 7.63 (±1.32), and 6.47 (±0.7) % in patients with low, moderate, and high adherence to MD, respectively [56].”
From Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence? (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Mirahmadizadeh, A., Khorshidsavar, H., Seif, M., & Sharifi, M. H.
- Affiliations
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Sharifi, Mohammad Hossein
- Venue
- Diabetes Therapy
- Published
- 2020-01-08
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 479-494
- ISSN
- 1869-6953 (ISSN-L)
- 1869-6961
- PMC
- PMC6995790
- OpenAlex
- W2999477413
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 16.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (18110)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, medication adherence, Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity adherence, HbA1c, associated factors, smoking, obesity, overweight, age, Shiraz, Iranian patients, sex differences, marital status, smoking status
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