CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 221Diabetes Management and ResearchPancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes Management and Education

Evolution of Insulin Delivery Devices: From Syringes, Pens, and Pumps to DIY Artificial Pancreas

Open access
Kesavadev, Jothydev, Saboo, Banshi, Krishna, Meera B., Krishnan, Gopika·2020·Diabetes Therapy
DOI 10.1007/s13300-020-00831-zPMC PMC7261311
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The year 2021 will mark 100 years since the discovery of insulin. Insulin, the first medication to be discovered for diabetes, is still the safest and most potent glucose-lowering therapy. The major challenge of insulin despite its efficacy has been the occurrence of hypoglycemia, which has resulted in sub-optimal dosages being prescribed in the vast majority of patients. Popular devices used for insulin administration are syringes, pens, and pumps. An artificial pancreas (AP) with a closed-loop delivery system with > 95% time in range is believed to soon become a reality. The development of closed-loop delivery systems has gained momentum with recent advances in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and computer algorithms. This review discusses the evolution of syringes, disposable, durable pens and connected pens, needles, tethered and patch insulin pumps, bionic pancreas, alternate controller-enabled infusion (ACE) pumps, and do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems (DIY-APS).

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s13300-020-00831-z

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Smart insulin pens allow for tracking of insulin dosing and integration with smartphone applications to provide reminders, integrate with blood glucose data and provide dosing recommendations.

    “More recently developed ‘smart’ insulin pens allow for tracking of insulin dosing, and integration with smartphone applications to provide reminders, integrate with blood glucose data and provide dosing recommendations120.”

    From 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [120]

    The Insulin Pen sections on Next-Generation and Connected Pens (page unavailable) describe dose tracking, smartphone connectivity, sharing data with glucose-monitoring devices, and a bolus advisor for dosing guidance. They do not describe smartphone reminders, so that part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In 1985 the first insulin pen was launched by Novo Nordisk.

    “In 1985 the first insulin pen was launched by Novo Nordisk120.”

    From 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [120]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 85

  1. [1]Kesavadev J Das AK Unnikrishnan R Use of insulin pumps in India: suggested guidelines based on experience and cultural differences Diabetes Technol Ther 2010 12 823 831 20807118 PMC2956384
  2. [2]Home Philip Riddle Matthew Cefalu William T. Bailey Clifford J. Bretzel Reinhard G. del Prato Stefano Leroith Derek Schernthaner Guntram van Gaal Luc Raz Itamar Response to Comment on Home et al. Insulin Therapy in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Opportunities and Challenges? Diabetes Care 2014;37:1499–1508 Diabetes Care 2014 37 11 e247 e247 24855154 PMC5131884
  3. [3]Garg SK Rewers AH Akturk HK Ever-increasing insulin-requiring patients globally Diabetes Technol Ther 2018 20 S21 S24 10.1089/dia.2018.0101 29873518 · DOI
  4. [4]Knutsen P. Gaye Voelker Cheryl Q. Nikkel Carla C. Clinical Insights Into a New, Disposable Insulin Delivery Device Diabetes Spectrum 2015 28 3 209 213 26300615 PMC4536649
  5. [6]Alcántara-Aragón Valeria Improving patient self-care using diabetes technologies Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 2019 10 204201881882421 10.1177/2042018818824215 PMC6351708 30728941 · DOI
  6. [7]Rex J Jensen KH Lawton SA A review of 20 years’ experience with the NovoPen family of insulin injection devices Clin Drug Investig 2006 26 367 401 17163272
  7. [8]Weaver KW Hirsch IB The hybrid closed-loop system: evolution and practical applications Diabetes Technol Ther 2018 20 S216 S223 29873517
  8. [9]Group UKPDS (UKPDS) Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33) Lancet 1998 352 837 853 9742976
  9. [10]Group DC and CTR The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 1993 329 977 986 8366922
  10. [11]Pearson Teresa L. Practical Aspects of Insulin Pen Devices Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2010 4 3 522 531 20513316 PMC2901027
  11. [12]Technology D Standards of medical care in diabetes-2020 Diabetes Care 2020 43 S77 88 31862750
  12. [15]Fry A Insulin delivery device technology 2012: where are we after 90 years? J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012 6 947 953 22920823 PMC3440168
  13. [16]Shah RB Patel M Maahs DM Shah VN Insulin delivery methods: past, present and future Int J Pharm Investig 2016 6 1 9 27014614 PMC4787057
  14. [18]Bloom A Syringes for diabetics BMJ 1985 290 6470 727 728 3918730 PMC1418514
  15. [19]Hall GH Thompson CJ Palmer A Danger of dead space in U100 insulin syringes Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984 288 284 285 PMC1444083 6419897
  16. [20]Aronson R Gibney MA Oza K Berube J Kassler-Taub K Hirsch L Insulin pen needles: effects of extra-thin wall needle technology on preference, confidence, and other patient ratings Clin Ther 2013 35 923.e4 933.e4 23790553
  17. [22]Shaw Kathy F. Valdez Connie A. Development and Implementation of a U-500 Regular Insulin Program in a Federally Qualified Health Center Clinical Diabetes 2017 35 3 162 167 28761218 PMC5510925
  18. [23]Zambanini A Newson RB Maisey M Feher MD Injection related anxiety in insulin-treated diabetes Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1999 46 239 246 10624790
  19. [24]Fu AZ Qiu Y Radican L Impact of fear of insulin or fear of injection on treatment outcomes of patients with diabetes Curr Med Res Opin 2009 25 1413 1420 19422281
  20. [25]Khan AM Alswat KA Benefits of using the i-Port system on insulin-treated patients Diabetes Spectr 2019 32 30 35 30853762 PMC6380230
  21. [26]Novo Nordisk Blue sheet. Quarterly perspective on diabetes and chronic diseases. Novo Nord. Blue sheet. https://www.press.novonordisk-us.com/bluesheet-issue2/downloads/NovoNordisk_Bluesheet_Newsletter.pdf (2010). Accessed 21 Nov 2019.
  22. [28]Dunne T Whitaker D Prefilled insulin syringes Anaesthesia 2016 71 349 350 10.1111/anae.13389 26864010 · DOI
  23. [29]Singh Ripudaman Samuel Clarence Jacob Jubbin J A Comparison of Insulin Pen Devices and Disposable Plastic Syringes – Simplicity, Safety, Convenience and Cost Differences European Endocrinology 2018 14 1 47 29922352 PMC5954595
  24. [31]Hyllested-Winge J, Sparre T, Pedersen LK. NovoPen Echo(®) insulin delivery device. Med Devices. 2016;9:11–18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26793007. PMC4708877 26793007
  25. [32]Ignaut DA Opincar M Lenox S FlexPen and KwikPen prefilled insulin devices: a laboratory evaluation of ergonomic and injection force characteristics J Diabetes Sci Technol 2008 2 533 537 19885222 PMC2769724
  26. [33]Davis EM, Sexson EL, Spangler ML, Foral PA. An evaluation of prefilled insulin pens: a focus on the Next Generation FlexPen(®). Med Devices. 2010;3:41–50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22915920. PMC3417864 22915920
  27. [34]Wielandt Jakob Oest Niemeyer Marcus Hansen Marianne Rye Bucher Ditlef Thomsen Niels Bjerrum FlexTouch: A Prefilled Insulin Pen with a Novel Injection Mechanism with Consistent High Accuracy at Low- (1 U), Medium- (40 U), and High- (80 U) Dose Settings Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2011 5 5 1195 1199 22027317 PMC3208880
  28. [35]Sanofi. Sanofi launches specially designed ‘made in India’ re-usable insulin pen-AllStarTM Press Relaese. https://www.sanofi.in/-/media/Project/One-Sanofi-Web/Websites/Asia-Pacific/Sanofi-IN/Home/Media/press-release/2012/Sanofi-launches-specially-designed-made-in-India---Re-usable-insulin-pen---AllStar.pdf?la=en (2012). Accessed 15 Feb 2020.
  29. [38]Gudiksen Niels Hofstätter Thibaud Rønn Birgitte B. Sparre Thomas FlexTouch: An Insulin Pen-Injector with a Low Activation Force Across Different Insulin Formulations, Needle Technologies, and Temperature Conditions Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2017 19 10 603 607 28704062 PMC5653146
  30. [39]Pohlmeier Harald Berard Lori Brulle-Wohlhueter Claire Wu Junlong Dahmen Raphael Nowotny Irene Klonoff David Ease of Use of the Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL Pen Injector in Insulin-Naïve People With Type 2 Diabetes Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2016 11 2 263 269 27664062 PMC5478028
  31. [40]Chawla R, Shunmugavelu M, Bhansali A, et al. Practical guidance on insulin injection practice in diabetes self-management in the Indian setting: an expert consensus statement. 2019. pp. 176–194. https://journals.viamedica.pl/clinical_diabetology/article/view/DK.2019.0013.
  32. [41]Whooley S Briskin T Gibney MA Blank LR Berube J Pflug BK Evaluating the user performance and experience with a re-engineered 4 mm × 32G pen needle: a randomized trial with similar length/gauge needles Diabetes Ther 2019 10 697 712 30809762 PMC6437253
  33. [42]Olsen Birthe S. Lilleøre Søren Kruse Korsholm Conny Nøhr Kracht Thorben Novopen Echo® for the Delivery of Insulin: A Comparison of Usability, Functionality and Preference among Pediatric Subjects, Their Parents, and Health Care Professionals Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2010 4 6 1468 1475 21129343 PMC3005058
  34. [44]Review EP. Novo Nordisk’s award-winning NovoPen® 5 with easy-to-use memory function approved in China. https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/17561/novo-nordisks-award-winning-novopen-5-with-easy-to-use-memory-function-approved-in-china/ (2013). Accessed 16 Feb 2020.
  35. [46]Gildon Bradford W. InPen Smart Insulin Pen System: Product Review and User Experience Diabetes Spectrum 2018 31 4 354 358 30510392 PMC6243223
  36. [49]Sangave Nikhil A. Aungst Timothy D. Patel Dhiren K. Smart Connected Insulin Pens, Caps, and Attachments: A Review of the Future of Diabetes Technology Diabetes Spectrum 2019 32 4 378 384 31798296 PMC6858073
  37. [51]Ewen Margaret Joosse Huibert-Jan Beran David Laing Richard Insulin prices, availability and affordability in 13 low-income and middle-income countries BMJ Global Health 2019 4 3 e001410 31263585 PMC6570978
  38. [54]Al-Tabakha MM Arida AI Recent challenges in insulin delivery systems: a review Indian J Pharm Sci 2008 70 278 286 20046733 PMC2792528
  39. [55]Al Hayek Ayman A. Robert Asirvatham A. Babli Saleha Almonea Khuloud Al Dawish Mohamed A. Fear of Self-Injecting and Self-Testing and the Related Risk Factors in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study Diabetes Therapy 2016 8 1 75 83 27995595 PMC5306120
  40. [56]Cobelli Claudio Renard Eric Kovatchev Boris Artificial Pancreas: Past, Present, Future Diabetes 2011 60 11 2672 2682 22025773 PMC3198099
  41. [57]Allen Natalie Gupta Anshu Current Diabetes Technology: Striving for the Artificial Pancreas Diagnostics 2019 9 1 31 PMC6468523 30875898
  42. [59]Duckworth W. C. Saudek C. D. Henry R. R. Why Intraperitoneal Delivery of Insulin With Implantable Pumps in NIDDM? Diabetes 1992 41 6 657 661 1587393
  43. [60]Renard E. Bouteleau S. Jacques-Apostol D. Lauton D. Gibert-Boulet F. Costalat G. Bringer J. Jaffiol C. Insulin Underdelivery From Implanted Pumps Using Peritoneal Route: Determinant role of insulin pump compatibility Diabetes Care 1996 19 8 812 817 8842596
  44. [66]Pickup JC Reznik Y Sutton AJ Glycemic control during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily insulin injections in type 2 diabetes: individual patient data meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials Diabetes Care 2017 40 715 722 28428322
  45. [67]Kesavadev J Shankar A Sadasrian Pillai PB CSII as an alternative therapeutic strategy for managing type 2 diabetes: adding the Indian experience to a global perspective Curr Diabetes Rev 2016 12 312 314 26643928
  46. [68]Maiorino MI Bellastella G Casciano O The effects of subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple insulin injections on glucose variability in young adults with type 1 diabetes: the 2-year follow-up of the observational METRO study Diabetes Technol Ther 2018 20 117 126 10.1089/dia.2017.0334 29303370 · DOI
  47. [69]Kesavadev J Sadasivan Pillai PB Shankar A Exploratory CSII randomized controlled trial on erectile dysfunction in T2DM patients (ECSIITED) J Diabetes Sci Technol 2018 12 6 1252 1253 30156866 PMC6232735
  48. [70]Heinemann Lutz Krinelke Lars Insulin Infusion Set: The Achilles Heel of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2012 6 4 954 964 22920824 PMC3440169
  49. [71]Heinemann Lutz Waldenmaier Delia Kulzer Bernd Ziegler Ralph Ginsberg Barry Freckmann Guido Patch Pumps: Are They All the Same? Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2018 13 1 34 40 30132698 PMC6313286
  50. [72]Ginsberg Barry H. Patch Pumps for Insulin Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2018 13 1 27 33 30070604 PMC6313281
  51. [74]Garcia-Verdugo R Erbach M Schnell O A new optimized percutaneous access system for CIPII J Diabetes Sci Technol 2017 11 814 821 28654300 PMC5588834
  52. [75]Gimenez M Purkayajtha S Moscardo V Conget I Oliver N Intraperitoneal insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Does it fit into the current therapeutic arsenal? Endocrinol diabetes y Nutr 2018 65 3 182 184 29429951
  53. [76]Steineck Isabelle Ranjan Ajenthen Nørgaard Kirsten Schmidt Signe Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pumps and Hypoglycemia Prevention in Type 1 Diabetes Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2016 11 1 50 58 28264173 PMC5375081
  54. [77]Matsuoka Atsuko Hirota Yushi Urai Shin Hamaguchi Tetsushi Takeuchi Takehito Miura Hiroshi Suematsu Natsu So Anna Nakamura Tomoaki Komada Hisako Okada Yuko Sakaguchi Kazuhiko Ogawa Wataru Effect of switching from conventional continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion to sensor augmented pump therapy on glycemic profile in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes Diabetology International 2018 9 3 201 207 30603368 PMC6224909
  55. [78]Oviedo Silvia Contreras Ivan Bertachi Arthur Quirós Carmen Giménez Marga Conget Ignacio Vehi Josep Minimizing postprandial hypoglycemia in Type 1 diabetes patients using multiple insulin injections and capillary blood glucose self-monitoring with machine learning techniques Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 2019 178 175 180 31416546
  56. [80]Toresson Grip Emilie Svensson Ann-Marie Miftaraj Mervete Eliasson Björn Franzén Stefan Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia Steen Carlsson Katarina Real-World Costs of Continuous Insulin Pump Therapy and Multiple Daily Injections for Type 1 Diabetes: A Population-Based and Propensity-Matched Cohort From the Swedish National Diabetes Register Diabetes Care 2019 42 4 545 552 30705062
  57. [81]Huckvale K, Adomaviciute S, Prieto JT, Leow MK-S, Car J. Smartphone apps for calculating insulin dose: a systematic assessment. BMC Med. 2015;13:106. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25943590. PMC4433091 25943590
  58. [82]Taherian Mohsen Siavash Mansour Khorasgani MasoudAtaei Efficacy of bolus insulin calculation by a mobile-based bolus advisor: An open label clinical trial Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2015 20 11 1064 26941810 PMC4755093
  59. [83]Shashaj B Busetto E Sulli N Benefits of a bolus calculator in pre- and postprandial glycaemic control and meal flexibility of paediatric patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) Diabet Med 2008 25 1036 1042 18937673
  60. [86]Biester Torben Kordonouri Olga Holder Martin Remus Kerstin Kieninger-Baum Dorothee Wadien Tanja Danne Thomas “Let the Algorithm Do the Work”: Reduction of Hypoglycemia Using Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy with Predictive Insulin Suspension (SmartGuard) in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Patients Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2017 19 3 173 182 28099035 PMC5359639
  61. [87]Petruzelkova L Pickova K Sumnik Z Soupal J Obermannova B Effectiveness of SmartGuard technology in the prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia after prolonged physical activity Diabetes Technol Ther 2017 19 299 304 28520532
  62. [89]Gómez Ana M. Henao Diana C. Taboada Lucía B. Leguizamón Guillermo Rondón Martín A. Muñoz Oscar M. García-Jaramillo Maira A. León Vargas Fabián M. Impact of sensor-augmented pump therapy with predictive low-glucose management on hypoglycemia and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: 1-year follow-up Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 2019 13 4 2625 2631 31405686
  63. [90]Sharifi Amin De Bock Martin I. Jayawardene Dilshani Loh Margaret M. Horsburgh Jodie C. Berthold Carolyn L. Paramalingam Nirubasini Bach Leon A. Colman Peter G. Davis Elizabeth A. Grosman Benyamin Hendrieckx Christel Jenkins Alicia J. Kumareswaran Kavita Kurtz Natalie Kyoong Andrew MacIsaac Richard J. Speight Jane Trawley Steven Ward Glenn M. Roy Anirban Jones Timothy W. O'Neal David N. Glycemia, Treatment Satisfaction, Cognition, and Sleep Quality in Adults and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes When Using a Closed-Loop System Overnight Versus Sensor-Augmented Pump with Low-Glucose Suspend Function: A Randomized Crossover Study Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2016 18 12 772 783 27835037
  64. [93]Crabtree TSJ Choudhary P Hammond P Lumb A McLay A Wilmot EG Health-care professional opinions of DIY artificial pancreas systems in the UK Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020 8 186 187 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30417-6 32085825 · DOI
  65. [97]Omer T Empowered citizen ‘health hackers’ who are not waiting BMC Med 2016 14 118 10.1186/s12916-016-0670-y 27530970 PMC4988004 · DOI
  66. [98]Marshall DC Holloway M Korer M Woodman J Brackenridge A Hussain S Do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems in type 1 diabetes: perspectives of two adult users, a caregiver and three physicians Diabetes Ther 2019 10 1553 1564 10.1007/s13300-019-00679-y 31440989 PMC6778569 · DOI
  67. [99]Lewis DM Do-it-yourself artificial pancreas system and the openAPS movement Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 2020 49 203 213 31980119
  68. [101]Lewis D Leibrand S Real-world use of open source artificial pancreas systems J Diabetes Sci Technol 2016 10 1411 10.1177/1932296816665635 27510442 PMC5094342 · DOI · Paper page
  69. [102]Rodeman Kathryn Bux Hatipoglu Betul Beta-cell therapies for type 1 diabetes: Transplants and bionics Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 2018 85 12 931 937 30526754
  70. [103]El-Khatib Firas H Balliro Courtney Hillard Mallory A Magyar Kendra L Ekhlaspour Laya Sinha Manasi Mondesir Debbie Esmaeili Aryan Hartigan Celia Thompson Michael J Malkani Samir Lock J Paul Harlan David M Clinton Paula Frank Eliana Wilson Darrell M DeSalvo Daniel Norlander Lisa Ly Trang Buckingham Bruce A Diner Jamie Dezube Milana Young Laura A Goley April Kirkman M Sue Buse John B Zheng Hui Selagamsetty Rajendranath R Damiano Edward R Russell Steven J Home use of a bihormonal bionic pancreas versus insulin pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomised crossover trial The Lancet 2017 389 10067 369 380 PMC5358809 28007348
  71. [104]Russell Steven J. El-Khatib Firas H. Sinha Manasi Magyar Kendra L. McKeon Katherine Goergen Laura G. Balliro Courtney Hillard Mallory A. Nathan David M. Damiano Edward R. Outpatient Glycemic Control with a Bionic Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes New England Journal of Medicine 2014 371 4 313 325 24931572 PMC4183762
  72. [106]Ekhlaspour L Nally LM El-Khatib FH Feasibility studies of an insulin-only bionic pancreas in a home-use setting J Diabetes Sci Technol 2019 13 1001 1007 31470740 PMC6835195
  73. [111]White Katherine Gebremariam Achamyeleh Lewis Dana Nordgren Weston Wedding James Pasek Josh Garrity Ashley Hirschfeld Emily Lee Joyce M. Motivations for Participation in an Online Social Media Community for Diabetes Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2018 12 3 712 718 29310448 PMC6154236
  74. [112]Gavrila Valerie Garrity Ashley Hirschfeld Emily Edwards Breann Lee Joyce M. Peer Support Through a Diabetes Social Media Community Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2019 13 3 493 497 30600704 PMC6501537
  75. [116]Taylor M.J. Gregory R. Tomlins P. Jacob D. Hubble J. Sahota T.S. Closed-loop glycaemic control using an implantable artificial pancreas in diabetic domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2016 500 1-2 371 378 26691655
  76. [117]Peyser Thomas Dassau Eyal Breton Marc Skyler Jay S. The artificial pancreas: current status and future prospects in the management of diabetes Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2014 1311 1 102 123 24725149
  77. [118]Santos Cavaiola T Edelman S Inhaled insulin: a breath of fresh air? A review of inhaled insulin Clin Ther 2014 36 1275 1289 25044021
  78. [119]Oleck Jacob Kassam Shahista Goldman Jennifer D. Commentary: Why Was Inhaled Insulin a Failure in the Market? Diabetes Spectrum 2016 29 3 180 184 27574374 PMC5001220
  79. [121]Heinemann L Baughman R Boss A Hompesch M Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a novel inhaled insulin J Diabetes Sci Technol 2017 11 148 156 27378794 PMC5375067
  80. [122]Oleck Jacob Kassam Shahista Goldman Jennifer D. Commentary: Why Was Inhaled Insulin a Failure in the Market? Diabetes Spectrum 2016 29 3 180 184 27574374 PMC5001220
  81. [123]Seaquist ER Blonde L McGill JB Hypoglycaemia is reduced with use of inhaled Technosphere((R)) insulin relative to insulin aspart in type 1 diabetes mellitus Diabet Med 2019 37 5 752 759 31811662 PMC7216876
  82. [124]Akturk HK Snell-Bergeon JK Rewers A Improved postprandial glucose with inhaled technosphere insulin compared with insulin aspart in patients with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections: the STAT study Diabetes Technol Ther 2018 20 639 647 30207748 PMC6161328
  83. [125]Papania MJ, Zehrung D, Jarrahian C. Technologies to improve immunization. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA, Edwards KMBT-PV (Seventh E, editors). Elsevier; 2018. pp. 1320.e17–1353.e17. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323357616000687.
  84. [127]Guo L Xiao X Sun X Qi C Comparison of jet injector and insulin pen in controlling plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients Medicine 2017 96 e5482 28072690 PMC5228650
  85. [128]Hu J Shi H Zhao C Lispro administered by the QS-M needle-free jet injector generates an earlier insulin exposure Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016 13 1203 1207 27267431

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kesavadev, J., Saboo, B., Krishna, M. B., & Krishnan, G.
Affiliations
Jothydev's Diabetes and Research Center (IN)
Corresponding author
Kesavadev, Jothydev
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes Therapy
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-05-14
Volume
11
Issue
6
Pages
1251-1269
ISSN
  • 1869-6953 (ISSN-L)
  • 1869-6961
DOI
10.1007/s13300-020-00831-z
PMC
PMC7261311
OpenAlex
W3025788478
Cited by
221
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 2
FWCI
4.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Diabetes Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Keywords
insulin delivery devices, insulin syringes, insulin pens, insulin pump, artificial pancreas, continuous glucose monitoring, bionic pancreas, hypoglycemia, diabetes management

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review