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Cited by 1,533

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in rates, nature, and predictors

Open access
for the CHARTER and HNRC Groups, Heaton, Robert K., Franklin, Donald R., Ellis, Ronald J., McCutchan, J. Allen, Letendre, Scott L., LeBlanc, Shannon, Corkran, Stephanie H., Duarte, Nichole A., Clifford, David B., Woods, Steven P., Collier, Ann C., Marra, Christina M., Morgello, Susan, Mindt, Monica Rivera, Taylor, Michael J., Marcotte, Thomas D., Atkinson, J. Hampton, Wolfson, Tanya, Gelman, Benjamin B., McArthur, Justin C., Simpson, David M., Abramson, Ian, Gamst, Anthony, Fennema-Notestine, Christine, Jernigan, Terry L., Wong, Joseph, Grant, Igor·2011·Journal of NeuroVirology
DOI 10.1007/s13365-010-0006-1
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Abstract

Combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) has greatly reduced medical morbidity and mortality with HIV infection, but high rates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to be reported. Because large HIV-infected (HIV+) and uninfected (HIV-) groups have not been studied with similar methods in the pre-CART and CART eras, it is unclear whether CART has changed the prevalence, nature, and clinical correlates of HAND. We used comparable methods of subject screening and assessments to classify neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in large groups of HIV + and HIV - participants from the pre-CART era (1988-1995; N = 857) and CART era (2000-2007; N = 937). Impairment rate increased with successive disease stages (CDC stages A, B, and C) in both eras: 25%, 42%, and 52% in pre-CART era and 36%, 40%, and 45% in CART era. In the medically asymptomatic stage (CDC-A), NCI was significantly more common in the CART era. Low nadir CD4 predicted NCI in both eras, whereas degree of current immunosuppression, estimated duration of infection, and viral suppression in CSF (on treatment) were related to impairment only pre-CART. Pattern of NCI also differed: pre-CART had more impairment in motor skills, cognitive speed, and verbal fluency, whereas CART era involved more memory (learning) and executive function impairment. High rates of mild NCI persist at all stages of HIV infection, despite improved viral suppression and immune reconstitution with CART. The consistent association of NCI with nadir CD4 across eras suggests that earlier treatment to prevent severe immunosuppression may also help prevent HAND. Clinical trials targeting HAND prevention should specifically examine timing of ART initiation.

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Metadata

Authors
Groups, F. T. C. A. H., Heaton, R. K., Franklin, D. R., Ellis, R. J., McCutchan, J. A., Letendre, S. L., LeBlanc, S., Corkran, S. H., Duarte, N. A., Clifford, D. B., Woods, S. P., Collier, A. C., Marra, C. M., Morgello, S., Mindt, M. R., Taylor, M. J., Marcotte, T. D., Atkinson, J. H., Wolfson, T., Gelman, B. B., McArthur, J. C., Simpson, D. M., Abramson, I., Gamst, A., Fennema-Notestine, C., Jernigan, T. L., Wong, J., & Grant, I.
Venue
Journal of NeuroVirology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2010-12-21
Volume
17
Issue
1
Pages
3-16
ISSN
  • 1355-0284 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-2443
DOI
10.1007/s13365-010-0006-1
OpenAlex
W2130599091
Cited by
1,533
References
42
FWCI
22.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in rates, nature, and predictors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s13365-010-0006-1
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Groups, F. T. C. A. H., Heaton, R. K., Franklin, D. R., Ellis, R. J., McCutchan, J. A., Letendre, S. L., LeBlanc, S., Corkran, S. H., Duarte, N. A., Clifford, D. B., Woods, S. P., Collier, A. C., Marra, C. M., Morgello, S., Mindt, M. R., Taylor, M. J., Marcotte, T. D., Atkinson, J. H., Wolfson, T., . . . Grant, I. (2011). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in rates, nature, and predictors. Journal of NeuroVirology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-010-0006-1

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.