CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 633Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlSports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Training adaptation and heart rate variability in elite endurance athletes: opening the door to effective monitoring.

Plews, Daniel J., Laursen, Paul B., Stanley, Jamie, Kilding, Andrew E., Buchheit, Martin·2013·Sports Medicine
DOI 10.1007/s40279-013-0071-8
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) is often considered a convenient non-invasive assessment tool for monitoring individual adaptation to training. Decreases and increases in vagal-derived indices of HRV have been suggested to indicate negative and positive adaptations, respectively, to endurance training regimens. However, much of the research in this area has involved recreational and well-trained athletes, with the small number of studies conducted in elite athletes revealing equivocal outcomes. For example, in elite athletes, studies have revealed both increases and decreases in HRV to be associated with negative adaptation. Additionally, signs of positive adaptation, such as increases in cardiorespiratory fitness, have been observed with atypical concomitant decreases in HRV. As such, practical ways by which HRV can be used to monitor training status in elites are yet to be established. This article addresses the current literature that has assessed changes in HRV in response to training loads and the likely positive and negative adaptations shown. We reveal limitations with respect to how the measurement of HRV has been interpreted to assess positive and negative adaptation to endurance training regimens and subsequent physical performance. We offer solutions to some of the methodological issues associated with using HRV as a day-to-day monitoring tool. These include the use of appropriate averaging techniques, and the use of specific HRV indices to overcome the issue of HRV saturation in elite athletes (i.e., reductions in HRV despite decreases in resting heart rate). Finally, we provide examples in Olympic and World Champion athletes showing how these indices can be practically applied to assess training status and readiness to perform in the period leading up to a pinnacle event. The paper reveals how longitudinal HRV monitoring in elites is required to understand their unique individual HRV fingerprint. For the first time, we demonstrate how increases and decreases in HRV relate to changes in fitness and freshness, respectively, in elite athletes.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s40279-013-0071-8

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 67 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Sacknoff D, Gleim G, Stachenfeld N, Glace B, Coplan N. Suppression of high-frequency power spectrum of heart rate variability in well-trained endurance athletes. Circulation. 1992;86:I-658.
  2. Bannister EW, editor. Modeling elite athletic performance. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1991.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 633

Related

Metadata

Authors
Plews, D. J., Laursen, P. B., Stanley, J., Kilding, A. E., & Buchheit, M.
Affiliations
  • Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • Aspire Academy (QA)
Corresponding author
Plews, Daniel J.
ORCID
Venue
Sports Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2013-07-13
Volume
43
Issue
9
Pages
773-781
ISSN
  • 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
  • 1179-2035
DOI
10.1007/s40279-013-0071-8
OpenAlex
W2082001224
Cited by
617
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 84 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 3
FWCI
5.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
heart rate variability, training effects, endurance athletes, elite athletes, training load monitoring, vagal tone, HRV indices, cardiorespiratory fitness, athlete readiness, Olympic athletes, world champions
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Physical Exertion, Heart Rate, Humans, Sports, Time Factors, Athletic Performance, Physical Conditioning, Human

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review