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Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Intracellular and Extracellular Buffering Capacity During High-Intensity Exercise
Open accessAbstract
Intramuscular acidosis is a contributing factor to fatigue during high-intensity exercise. Many nutritional strategies aiming to increase intra- and extracellular buffering capacity have been investigated. Among these, supplementation of beta-alanine (~3-6.4 g/day for 4 weeks or longer), the rate-limiting factor to the intramuscular synthesis of carnosine (i.e. an intracellular buffer), has been shown to result in positive effects on exercise performance in which acidosis is a contributing factor to fatigue. Furthermore, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and sodium/calcium lactate supplementation have been employed in an attempt to increase the extracellular buffering capacity. Although all attempts have increased blood bicarbonate concentrations, evidence indicates that sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg body mass) is the most effective in improving high-intensity exercise performance. The evidence supporting the ergogenic effects of sodium citrate and lactate remain weak. These nutritional strategies are not without side effects, as gastrointestinal distress is often associated with the effective doses of sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and calcium lactate. Similarly, paresthesia (i.e. tingling sensation of the skin) is currently the only known side effect associated with beta-alanine supplementation, and it is caused by the acute elevation in plasma beta-alanine concentration after a single dose of beta-alanine. Finally, the co-supplementation of beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate may result in additive ergogenic gains during high-intensity exercise, although studies are required to investigate this combination in a wide range of sports.
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“One possible explanation for this finding is that power is more related to glycolytic metabolism and is limited by H+ accumulation (Lancha Junior et al., 2015; Lopes-Silva et al., 2019).”
From Acute enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate has negligible effect on anaerobic performance but affects metabolomics and attenuates the gastrointestinal response (2022) · cites this paper as Lancha Junior et al., 2015
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Domínguez, R., Naderi, A., & Sánchez-Oliver, A. J. (2021) · Lecture notes in bioengineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81989-7_19
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lancha Junior, A. H., de Salles Painelli, V., Saunders, B., & Artioli, G. G.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Saunders, Bryan
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 71-81
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-2035
- PMC
- PMC4672007
- OpenAlex
- W2140700167
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 0.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- PepsiCo
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2014/, 14/11948-8, 2013/04806-0, 2011/17059-2)
- Gran Sasso Science Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Biochemical effects in animals
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- high-intensity exercise, buffering capacity, beta-alanine, carnosine, sodium bicarbonate supplementation, sodium citrate, calcium lactate, exercise performance, fatigue, gastrointestinal distress, paresthesia, co-supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Sodium Citrate, Acidosis, Citrates, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Intracellular Fluid, Lactates, beta-Alanine, Exercise, Calcium Compounds, Sodium Bicarbonate, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue, Sodium Lactate, Dietary Supplements, Extracellular Fluid
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