“Sundowning” as a biological phenomenon: current understandings and future directions: an update
Abstract
The clinical phenomenon of early evening disruptive behavior also called "Sundowning" in elderly patients has been largely reported in the medical literature without a consistent diagnosis and criteria to define this phenomenon. The current understandings of sundowning are incomplete and current treatment strategies have relied heavily on use of antipsychotic medications, despite side effects and limited evidence to justify their use. A comprehensive understanding of the biogenesis of this phenomenon and mechanistic changes from oxidative pathways may provide novel information on completing the sundowning puzzle. Future studies could examine the utility of natural factors in reviving neuronal energy loss and altering the oxidative pathways might be safe and additional options in development of treatment models for this behavioral disorder.
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Sundowning syndrome is prevalent in people with dementia and is characterized by increases in aggression, restlessness, delirium and agitation specifically in the late afternoon or early evening.
“Sundowning syndrome is prevalent in people with dementia and is characterized by increases in aggression, restlessness, delirium and agitation specifically in the late afternoon or early evening280,281.”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [280]
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Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan
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- Authors
- Gnanasekaran, G.
- Affiliations
- University Hospitals of Cleveland (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gnanasekaran, Gowrishankar
- Venue
- Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
- Published
- 2015-08-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 383-392
- ISSN
- 1594-0667 (ISSN-L)
- 1720-8319
- OpenAlex
- W2178249059
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Aging Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Keywords
- sundowning, elderly patients, dementia, oxidative stress, antipsychotic drugs, behavioral symptoms, circadian rhythm, treatment options
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Aged, Aging, Biological Phenomena, Dementia, Humans, Psychomotor Agitation, Sunlight, Antipsychotic Agents, Oxidative Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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