Morphological and qualitative characteristics of the quadriceps muscle of community-dwelling older adults based on ultrasound imaging: classification using latent class analysis
Abstract
Background Muscle thickness and echo intensity measured using ultrasound imaging represent both increased muscle volume and connective tissue accumulation. In combination, these ultrasound measurements can be utilized for assessing sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Aims This study aimed to determine whether morphological and qualitative characteristics classified by quadriceps muscle thickness and echo intensity measured using ultrasound are associated with muscle strength, physical function, and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Methods Quadriceps muscle thickness and echo intensity were measured using ultrasound imaging in 1239 community-dwelling older adults. Latent class analyses were conducted to classify participants based on similarity in the subcutaneous fat thickness (FT), quadriceps muscle thickness (MT), subcutaneous fat echo intensity (FEI), and muscle echo intensity (MEI), which were assessed using ultrasound imaging. Results and discussion Morphological and qualitative characteristics were classified into four types as follows: (A) normal, (B) sarcopenic obesity, (C) obesity, and (D) sarcopenia type. Knee extension strength was significantly greater in A than in B and D. FT and percent body fat were greater in C than in the other types. The correlation between the ultrasound measures and knee extension strength differed among the classification types. The classification types were significantly associated with sarcopenia prevalence. Conclusions Classification of the morphological and qualitative characteristics obtained from ultrasound imaging may be useful for assessing sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.
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Anterior thigh muscle thickness (ATMT), assessed by ultrasound and adjusted for BMI, has shown promise in detecting sarcopenia.
“Specifically, anterior thigh muscle thickness (ATMT), assessed by ultrasound and adjusted for body mass index (BMI), has shown promise in detecting sarcopenia.”
From Sex-specific predictive ability of SARC-F and SARC-CalF for ultrasound-based sarcopenia in older adults (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
Sarcopenia is more frequently diagnosed when defined by reduced anterior thigh muscle thickness compared to other anatomical sites.
“Regional variations in age-related muscle loss have been documented, with sarcopenia more frequently diagnosed when defined by reduced anterior thigh muscle thickness compared to other anatomical sites [5, 7].”
From Sex-specific predictive ability of SARC-F and SARC-CalF for ultrasound-based sarcopenia in older adults (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Kawai, H., Kera, T., Hirayama, R., Hirano, H., Fujiwara, Y., Ihara, K., Kojima, M., & Obuchi, S.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (JP)
- Toho University (JP)
- University of Tokyo Health Sciences (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Kawai, Hisashi
- Venue
- Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
- Published
- 2017-06-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 283-291
- ISSN
- 1594-0667 (ISSN-L)
- 1720-8319
- OpenAlex
- W2620657426
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Aging Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24700774)
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (H23-Choju-Ippan-001, H23-Choju-Ippan-002)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, quadriceps muscle thickness, muscle echo intensity, muscle ultrasound, sarcopenic obesity, community-dwelling older adults, quadriceps strength, physical function, subcutaneous fat thickness, latent class analysis, fat mass
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Ultrasonography, Prevalence, Quadriceps Muscle, Muscle Strength, Sarcopenia, Independent Living
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