The COVID-19 pandemic: a call to action to identify and address racial and ethnic disparities
Open accessAbstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted and devastated the world. As the infection spreads, the projected mortality and economic devastation are unprecedented. In particular, racial and ethnic minorities may be at a particular disadvantage as many already assume the status of a marginalized group. Black Americans have a long-standing history of disadvantage and are in a vulnerable position to experience the impact of this crisis and the myth of Black immunity to COVID-19 is detrimental to promoting and maintaining preventative measures. We are the first to present the earliest available data in the peer-reviewed literature on the racial and ethnic distribution of COVID-19-confirmed cases and fatalities in the state of Connecticut. We also seek to explode the myth of Black immunity to the virus. Finally, we call for a National Commission on COVID-19 Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities to further explore and respond to the unique challenges that the crisis presents for Black and Brown communities.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Increased distress accompanied the recognition that COVID-19 infection and mortality rates were highest among racial and ethnic minorities, reflecting pre-existing racial and social disparities in healthcare.
“Finally, as described by others [40], increased distress accompanied the recognition that COVID-19 infection and mortality rates were highest in racial and ethnic minorities, reflecting pre-existing racial and social disparities in healthcare.”
From Supporting the well-being of health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: The CopeColumbia response (2020) · cites this paper as [40]
The Conclusion (page not provided) reports that Black residents had higher COVID-19 infection and death rates relative to their share of Connecticut’s population, and links vulnerability to a history of discrimination. It does not say that racial and ethnic minorities had the highest rates generally, or that recognizing the disparities was accompanied by increased distress. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Carnethon, M. R., Pu, J., Howard, G., Albert, M. A., Anderson, C. A. M., Bertoni, A. G., Mujahid, M. S., Palaniappan, L., Taylor, H. A., Willis, M., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000534 · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works
The Black Family and Mass Incarceration
Western, B., & Wildeman, C. (2008) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716208324850 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Stroke in a Biracial Population
D, B. M. K. M., Schneider, A. T., Kleindorfer, D., Khoury, J. C., Miller, R., Alwell, K., Woo, D., Szaflarski, J. P., Gebel, J., Moomaw, C. J., et al. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000110982.74967.39 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Marshall, M. (2005) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.028274 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Racial Disparity in Low Birth Weight and Infant Mortality
Collins, J. W., & David, R. J. (2009) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.clp.2008.09.004 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
African Americans: Disparities in Health Care Access and Utilization
Copeland, V. C. (2005) · Health & Social Work · doi:10.1093/hsw/30.3.265 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Kidney Disease Among African Americans: A Population Perspective
Laster, M. L., Shen, J. I., & Norris, K. C. (2018) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.06.021 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Maldonado, F., Rafael, F. J., Shinall, M. C., & Ely, E. W. (2020) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000004475 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
For blacks in America, the gap in neighborhood poverty has declined faster than segregation
Firebaugh, G., & Acciai, F. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1607220113 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
African Americans with Asthma: Genetic Insights
Barnes, K. C., Grant, A. V., Hansel, N. N., Gao, P., & Dunston, G. M. (2007) · Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/pats.200607-146jg · Cited by 80 · see citing works
HIV/AIDS and the African-American Community: A State of Emergency
Laurencin, C. T., Christensen, D. M., & Taylor, E. D. (2008) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31172-x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in America’s Black Population
Ejike, C. O., Dransfield, M. T., Hansel, N. N., Putcha, N., Raju, S., Martinez, C. H., & Han, M. K. (2019) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201810-1909pp · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Global Health Capacity and Workforce Development: Turning the World Upside Down
Crisp, N. (2011) · Infectious Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.idc.2011.02.010 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
HIV/AIDS and the African-American Community 2018: a Decade Call to Action
Laurencin, C. T., Murdock, C. J., Laurencin, L., & Christensen, D. M. (2018) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-018-0491-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationMedical Surprise Anticipation and Recognition Capability: A New Concept for Better Health Care
Laurencin, C. T., & McClinton, A. (2019) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-019-00626-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Connecticut General Assembly
Defronzo, D., Defronzo, D. C., Ayala, S. A., & Noujaim, S. G. (2013) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mobility network models of COVID-19 explain inequities and inform reopening
Chang, S., Pierson, E., Koh, P. W., Gerardin, J., Redbird, B., Grusky, D., & Leskovec, J. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2923-3 · Cited by 1,533 · see citing works
Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank
Hastie, C. E., Mackay, D., Ho, F. K. W., Celis-Morales, C. A., Katikireddi, S. V., Niedzwiedz, C. L., Jani, B., Welsh, P. I., Mair, F. S., Gray, S. R., et al. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.050 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Discrimination and Medical Mistrust in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample of California Adults
Bazargan, M., Cobb, S., & Assari, S. (2021) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.2632 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Freeman, E. E., McMahon, D. E., Lipoff, J. B., Rosenbach, M. A., Kovarik, C., Desai, S. R., HARP, J. L., Takeshita, J., French, L. E., Lim, H. W., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.1016 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Association Between Youth Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and COVID-19
Gaiha, S. M., Cheng, J., & Halpern‐Felsher, B. L. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.002 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Racial Disparities-Associated COVID-19 Mortality among Minority Populations in the US
Alcendor, D. J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9082442 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Intersectional inequalities in science
Kozlowski, D., Larivière, V., Sugimoto, C. R., & Monroe‐White, T. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2113067119 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Gu, T., Mack, J. A., Salvatore, M., Sankar, S. P., Valley, T. S., Singh, K., Nallamothu, B. K., Kheterpal, S., Lisabeth, L. D., Fritsche, L. G., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25197 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Zhang, C. H., & Schwartz, G. G. (2020) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.12476 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Santos, G., Ackerman, B., Rao, A., Wallach, S., Ayala, G., Lamontagne, E., Garner, A., Holloway, I. W., Arreola, S. G., Silenzio, V., et al. (2020) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-020-02969-0 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Covid-19 and Disparities in Nutrition and Obesity
Belanger, M. J., Hill, M. A., Angelidi, A. M., Dalamaga, Μ., Sowers, J. R., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp2021264 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Machine learning and algorithmic fairness in public and population health
Mhasawade, V., Zhao, Y., & Chunara, R. (2021) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-021-00373-4 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Jenkins, E., McAuliffe, C., Hirani, S. S., Richardson, C. G., Thomson, K., McGuinness, L., Morris, J., Kousoulis, A. A., & Gadermann, A. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106333 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Lassale, C. M., Gaye, B., Hamer, M., Galé, C. R., & Batty, G. D. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.074 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Mental Distress in the United States at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Holingue, C., Kalb, L. G., Riehm, K. E., Bennett, D., Kapteyn, A., Veldhuis, C. B., Johnson, R. M., Fallin, M. D., Kreuter, F., Stuart, E. A., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2020.305857 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The relationship between social determinants of health and racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality
Dalsania, A. K., Fastiggi, M. J., Kahlam, A., Shah, R., Patel, K., Shiau, S., Rokicki, S., & DallaPiazza, M. (2022) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00952-y · Cited by 179 · see citing works
The Task Force for the management of COVID-19 of the European Society of Cardiology, Baigent, C., Windecker, S., Andreini, D., Arbelo, E., Barbato, E., Bartorelli, A. L., Baumbach, A., Behr, E. R., Berti, S. L., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab697 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Structural Racism and COVID-19 in the USA: a County-Level Empirical Analysis
Tan, S. B., deSouza, P., & Raifman, M. (2021) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00948-8 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic
Zvolensky, M. J., Garey, L., Rogers, A. H., Schmidt, N. B., Vujanovic, A. A., Storch, E., Buckner, J., Paulus, D. J., Alfano, C., Smits, J. A. J., et al. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Hu, Y. (2020) · Research in Social Stratification and Mobility · doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100528 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
COVID‐19 Interconnectedness: Health Inequity, the Climate Crisis, and Collective Trauma
Watson, M. F., Bacigalupe, G., Daneshpour, M., Han, W., & Parra‐Cardona, J. R. (2020) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12572 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Racism, COVID-19, and Health Inequity in the USA: a Call to Action
Johnson‐Agbakwu, C. E., Ali, N. S., Oxford, C., Wingo, S. N., Manin, E., & Coonrod, D. V. (2020) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00928-y · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Racism and the Political Economy of COVID-19: Will We Continue to Resurrect the Past?
Bailey, Z., & Moon, J. R. (2020) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-8641481 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19: Insights From a Multinational Registry
Alkhouli, M. A., Nanjundappa, A., Annie, F., Bates, M. C., & Bhatt, D. L. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.014 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Social determinants of COVID-19 incidence and outcomes: A rapid review
Upshaw, T. L., Brown, C., Smith, R. W., Perri, M., Ziegler, C. P., & Pinto, A. D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248336 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Tavares, F. F., & Betti, G. (2020) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105307 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
A Pandemic on a Pandemic: Racism and COVID-19 in Blacks
Laurencin, C. T., & Walker, J. M. (2020) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2020.07.002 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationTechno-Solutionism and the Standard Human in the Making of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Milan, S. (2020) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/2053951720966781 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Health disparities and equity in the era of COVID-19
Nana-Sinkam, P. S., Kraschnewski, J. L., Sacco, R. L., Chavez, J. V., Fouad, M. N., Gal, T. S., AuYoung, M., Namoos, A. M., Winn, R. A., Sheppard, V. B., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1017/cts.2021.23 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Assessing racial and ethnic disparities using a COVID-19 outcomes continuum for New York State
Holtgräve, D. R., Barranco, M. A., Tesoriero, J. M., Blog, D. S., & Rosenberg, E. S. (2020) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.06.010 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Robinson, L., Schulz, J., Khilnani, A., Ono, H., Cotten, S. R., McClain, N., Levine, L., Chen, W., Huang, G., Casilli, A. A., et al. (2020) · First Monday · doi:10.5210/fm.v25i7.10845 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Alizadeh, H., Sharifi, A., Damanbagh, S., Nazarnia, H., & Nazarnia, M. (2023) · Natural Hazards · doi:10.1007/s11069-023-05959-2 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales: Factor Structure and Initial Psychometrics
Kazak, A. E., Alderfer, M. A., Enlow, P. T., Lewis, A. M., Vega, G., Barakat, L. P., Kassam‐Adams, N., Pai, A. L. H., Canter, K. S., Hildenbrand, A. K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsab026 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Impact of Race and Socioeconomic Status on Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19
Quan, D. L., Wong, L. L., Shallal, A. B., Madan, R., Hamdan, A., Ahdi, H., Daneshvar, A., Mahajan, M., Nasereldin, M., Harn, M. V., et al. (2021) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06527-1 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the quality of life for women with ovarian cancer
Frey, M. K., Ellis, A. E., Zeligs, K., Chapman‐Davis, E., Thomas, C., Christos, P. J., Kolev, V., Prasad-Hayes, M., Cohen, S., Holcomb, K., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.049 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
COVID-19 and inequality: are we all in this together?
Ali, S., Asaria, M., & Stranges, S. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/s41997-020-00351-0 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Reimagining Public Health in the Aftermath of a Pandemic
Brownson, R. C., Burke, T. A., Colditz, G. A., & Samet, J. M. (2020) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2020.305861 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The impact of COVID-19 on college students from communities of color
Molock, S. D., & Parchem, B. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1865380 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Psychiatric impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic on U.S. sexual and gender minority young adults
Kamal, K., Li, J. J., Hahm, H. C., & Liu, C. H. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113855 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Hildreth, J. E. K., & Alcendor, D. J. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9050489 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Howard, G., Bartram, J., Brocklehurst, C., Colford, J. M., Costa, F., Cunliffe, D., Dreibelbis, R., Eisenberg, J. N. S., Evans, B., Gironés, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2020.162 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Racial Disparities: a Perspective Analysis
Louis–Jean, J., Cenat, K., Njoku, C., Angelo, J., & Sanon, D. (2020) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00879-4 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Afshar, Y., Gaw, S. L., Flaherman, V. J., Chambers, B. D., Krakow, D., Berghella, V., Shamshirsaz, A. A., Boatin, A. A., Aldrovandi, G. M., Greiner, A. L., et al. (2020) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000004178 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Disparities in telemedicine during COVID-19
Qian, A. S., Schiaffino, M. K., Nalawade, V., Aziz, L., Pacheco, F. V., Nguyen, B., Vu, P., Patel, S. P., Martinez, M. E., & Murphy, J. D. (2022) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.4518 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Neelon, B., Mutiso, F., Mueller, N. T., Pearce, J. L., & Benjamin‐Neelon, S. E. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248702 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Sex differences in self-report anxiety and sleep quality during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders
Bigalke, J. A., Greenlund, I. M., & Carter, J. R. (2020) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-020-00333-4 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The role of vitamin D in the age of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Ghasemian, R., Shamshirian, A., Heydari, K., Malekan, M., Alizadeh‐Navaei, R., Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., Warkiani, M. E., Jafarpour, H., Bazaz, S. R., Shahmirzadi, A. R., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14675 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The COVID-19 pandemic and people with disability
Turk, M. A., & McDermott, S. W. (2020) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100944 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Coker, M. O., Foláyan, M. O., Michelow, I. C., Oladokun, R., Torbunde, N., & Sam-Agudu, N. A. (2020) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-020-01174-y · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Kibbey, M. M., Fedorenko, E. J., & Farris, S. G. (2021) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2020.1853805 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Jones, J. S., Sullivan, P. S., Sanchez, T., Guest, J. L., Hall, E. W., Luisi, N., Zlotorzynska, M., Wilde, G., Bradley, H. M., & Siegler, A. J. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/20001 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Podewils, L. J., Burket, T. L., Mettenbrink, C. J., Steiner, A. S., Seidel, A., Scott, K. A., Cervantes, L., & Hasnain‐Wynia, R. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6948a3 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Fathi, M., Vakili, K. G., Sayehmiri, F., Mohamadkhani, A., Hajiesmaeili, M., Rezaei–Tavirani, M., & Eilami, O. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246190 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
COVID-19 Mental Health Disparities
Saltzman, L. Y., Lesen, A. E., Henry, V., Hansel, T. C., & Bordnick, P. S. (2021) · Health Security · doi:10.1089/hs.2021.0017 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Almlöf, E., Rubensson, I., Cebecauer, M., & Jenelius, E. (2021) · European Transport Research Review · doi:10.1186/s12544-021-00488-0 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
COVID-19 Risk Factors and Mortality Outcomes Among Medicare Patients Receiving Long-term Dialysis
Salerno, S. M., Messana, J. M., Gremel, G. W., Dahlerus, C., Hirth, R. A., Han, P., Segal, J. H., Xu, T., Shaffer, D., Jiao, A., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35379 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Brakefield, W. S., Olusanya, O. A., White, B. M., & Shaban‐Nejad, A. (2022) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2022.104 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Huang, C., Soleimani, J., Herasevich, S., Pinevich, Y., Pennington, K. M., Dong, Y., Pickering, B. W., & Barwise, A. K. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.022 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Kudesia, P., Salimarouny, B., Stanley, M., Fortin, M., Stewart, M., Terry, A. L., & Ryan, B. L. (2021) · Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity · doi:10.1177/26335565211032880 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Mellins, C. A., Mayer, L. E. S., Glasofer, D. R., Devlin, M. J., Albano, A. M., Nash, S. S., Engle, E., Cullen, C., Ng, W. Y. K., Allmann, A. E., et al. (2020) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.08.013 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Finally, as described by others [40], increased distress accompanied the recognition that COVID-19 infection and mortality rates were highest in racial and ethnic minorities, reflecting pre-existing racial and social disparities in healthcare.”
Chen, L., Li, J., Xia, T., Matthews, T. A., Tseng, T., Shi, L., Zhang, D. “., Chen, Z., Han, X., Li, Y., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13103359 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
COVID-19 Among African Americans: An Action Plan for Mitigating Disparities
Peek, M. E., Simons, R. A., Parker, W. F., Ansell, D. A., Rogers, S. O., & Edmonds, B. T. (2020) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2020.305990 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The impact of COVID-19 among Black women: evaluating perspectives and sources of information
Chandler, R. D., Guillaume, D., Parker, A. G., Mack, A., Hamilton, J. B., Dorsey, J., & Hernandez, N. (2020) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2020.1841120 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Mechanick, J. I., Carbone, S., Dickerson, R. N., Hernandez, B., Hurt, R. T., Irving, S. Y., Li, D., McCarthy, M. S., Mogensen, K. M., Ochoa, J. B., et al. (2020) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2036 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The critical importance of community health workers as first responders to COVID-19 in USA
Rahman, R., Ross, A. M., & Pinto, R. M. (2021) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daab008 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Golden, T. L., Springs, S., Kimmel, H. J., Gupta, S., Tiedemann, A., Sandu, C. C., & Magsamen, S. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649840 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Don't blame the BAME : Ethnic and structural inequalities in susceptibilities to COVID ‐19
Bentley, G. R. (2020) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23478 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Higher comorbidities and early death in hospitalized African-American patients with Covid-19
Gupta, R., Agrawal, R., Bukhari, Z., Jabbar, A., Wang, D., Diks, J., Alshal, M., Emechebe, D. Y., Brunicardi, F. C., Lazar, J., et al. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-05782-9 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Souto‐Manning, M., & Melvin, S. A. (2021) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.11.005 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Can you see my screen?” Addressing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Telehealth
Haynes, N., Ezekwesili, A. C., Nunes, K. L., Gumbs, E., Haynes, M., & Swain, J. D. (2021) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-021-00685-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Horse, A. J. Y., Yang, T., & Huyser, K. R. (2021) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00940-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: A cross-sectional study based on national data
Ibarra-Nava, I., Flores-Rodriguez, K. G., Ruiz-Herrera, V., Ochoa-Bayona, H. C., Salinas‐Zertuche, A., Padilla‐Orozco, M., & Salazar-Montalvo, R. G. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239168 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Morbimortalidade pela Covid-19 segundo raça/cor/etnia: a experiência do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos
de Araújo, E. M., Caldwell, K. L., dos Santos, M. P. A., de Souza, I. M., Rosa, P. L. F. S., dos Santos, A. B. S., & Batista, L. E. (2020) · Saúde em Debate · doi:10.1590/0103-11042020e412 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
McKune, S. L., Acosta, D., Diaz, N., Brittain, K., Beaulieu, D. J., Maurelli, A. T., & Nelson, E. J. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10540-2 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Renelus, B. D., Khoury, N., Chandrasekaran, K., Bekele, E., Briggs, W. M., Ivanov, A., Mohanty, S. R., & Jamorabo, D. S. (2020) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00872-x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Time-Series Clustering for Home Dwell Time during COVID-19: What Can We Learn from It?
Huang, X., Li, Z., Lu, J., Wang, S., Wei, H., & Chen, B. (2020) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi9110675 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Clinical, regional, and genetic characteristics of Covid-19 patients from UK Biobank
Kolin, D. A., Kulm, S., Christos, P. J., & Elemento, O. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241264 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
dos Santos, H. L. P. C., Maciel, F. B. M., Santos, K. R., da Conceição, C. D. V. S., de Oliveira, R. S., da Silva, N. R. F., & Prado, N. M. D. B. L. (2020) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-812320202510.2.25482020 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Addressing Justified Vaccine Hesitancy in the Black Community
Laurencin, C. T. (2021) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-021-01025-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationMukherjee, T. I., Khan, A., Dasgupta, A., & Samari, G. (2021) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-021-01286-6 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Ebekozien, O. A., Agarwal, S., Noor, N., Albanese-O’Neill, A., Wong, J. C., Seeherunvong, T., Sanchez, J. E., DeSalvo, D. J., Lyons, S. K., Majidi, S., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa920 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The Association of Social Determinants of Health With COVID‐19 Mortality in Rural and Urban Counties
Paul, R., Arif, A. A., Pokhrel, K., & Ghosh, S. (2021) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.12557 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Siegel, M., Critchfield‐Jain, I., Boykin, M., & Owens, A. (2021) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-021-01028-1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Hanif, A., Khan, S., Mantri, N., Hanif, S., Saleh, M., Alla, Y., Chinta, S. R., Shrestha, N., Ji, W., Attwood, K. M., et al. (2020) · Annals of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s00277-020-04216-x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
COVID-19 cases and testing in 53 prison systems
LeMasters, K. H., McCauley, E., Nowotny, K. M., & Brinkley‐Rubinstein, L. (2020) · Health & Justice · doi:10.1186/s40352-020-00125-3 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Geographic disparities in COVID-19 infections and deaths: The role of transportation
Gaskin, D. J., Zare, H., & Delarmente, B. A. (2020) · Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.12.001 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Cohen, M. A., Powell, A. M., Coleman, J. S., Keller, J. M., Livingston, A. G., & Anderson, J. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.006 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Suarez‐Balcazar, Y., Francisco, V. T., & Chávez, N. R. (2020) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12487 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A Geography of Risk: Structural Racism and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality in the United States
Zalla, L. C., Martin, C. L., Edwards, J. K., Gartner, D. R., & Noppert, G. A. (2021) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwab059 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes Among Black and White Patients With Cancer
Fu, J. C., Reid, S., French, B. C., Hennessy, C., Hwang, C., Gatson, N. T., Duma, N., Mishra, S., Nguyen, R. H.-T., Hawley, J. E., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.4304 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Campos‐Castillo, C., & Laestadius, L. I. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/20472 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Social Inequality and the Future of US Life Expectancy
Gutin, I., & Hummer, R. A. (2021) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-072320-100249 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Arasteh, K. (2020) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00844-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Siegel, M., Critchfield‐Jain, I., Boykin, M., Owens, A., Nunn, T., & Muratore, R. (2021) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-021-01109-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Climate Change: A Bibliometric Study of Adaptation, Mitigation and Resilience
Einecker, R., & Kirby, A. M. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12176935 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
DeSouza, F., Black, C. G., Spearman-McCarthy, E. V., Duncan, G. N., & Black, R. M. M. (2020) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00887-4 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID-19: A Study of New York City
Li, M., & Yuan, F. (2021) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-021-09338-z · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Carceral epidemiology: mass incarceration and structural racism during the COVID-19 pandemic
LeMasters, K. H., Brinkley‐Rubinstein, L., Maner, M., Peterson, M., Nowotny, K. M., & Bailey, Z. (2022) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00005-6 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Capacidad de respuesta frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe
Acosta, L. D. (2020) · Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública · doi:10.26633/rpsp.2020.109 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Racial Segregation, Testing Site Access, and COVID-19 Incidence Rate in Massachusetts, USA
Hu, T., Yue, H., Wang, C., She, B., Ye, X., Liu, R., Zhu, X., Guan, W. W., & Bao, S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249528 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
- Authors
- Laurencin, C. T., & McClinton, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- UConn Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Laurencin, Cato T.
- Venue
- Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
- Published
- 2020-04-18
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 398-402
- ISSN
- 2196-8837 (ISSN-L)
- 2197-3792
- PMC
- PMC7166096
- OpenAlex
- W3017384149
- Cited by
- 682
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 242 · 2020: 194
- FWCI
- 204.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University Libraries (University of Maryland) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)
- Funders
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (DP1AR068147)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (1U54MD009476)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Challenges
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, racial and ethnic health disparities, African Americans, COVID-19 mortality, COVID-19 confirmed cases, Black and Brown communities, Connecticut, marginalized communities
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Black or African American, Connecticut, Ethnicity, Health Services Accessibility, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Black People, White People, Racial Groups, Health Status Disparities, Healthcare Disparities, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
